Strengthening protective factors plays an important role in reducing youth gang involvement. From this point, cults employ lots of techniques commonplace to social psychology, such as confirmation bias and cognitive dissonance. Cult membership and addictive disorders share some characteristics: persistence despite damage, initial psychological relief, occupation of an exclusive place in the thoughts of members, high psychiatric comorbidity prevalence, high accessibility, leading to social precariousness and the importance of familial support when leaving. 0000015137 00000 n If a cult member considers leaving the group--this may become a vitally important and pivotal point. Personal Visits. Mendeley helps you to discover research relevant for your work. 462 0 obj In Jackson's case- Being the part of the cult and a member knowing how the cult functions, its activities, motives, objective and base of . 443 0 obj According to an article written for the American Psychological Association by Dr. Philip Zimbardo, there is no type of person who joins a cult. What Makes Someone Join a Cult? 0000113691 00000 n An object relations approach to cult membership. members stay or leave is not the same as asking why they join. 0000045440 00000 n 455 0 obj 0000003586 00000 n > Cult membership: What factors contribute to joining or leaving?. The core concept in cultism is a followership dependent upon someone or something outside itself to assist it in coping with a threatening external environment. He motivated Germans who felt as though they had little left to live for after World War I, and it was enough to convince them to join the Nazi Party. I personally had an interesting experience with an organization that many consider to be a cult. World Health Organization, Adolescent health and development. That being said, I had my own preconceived impressions before even walking through the doors. 0000007740 00000 n 0000046135 00000 n 460 0 obj They are primarily people under extreme social control, dominated by feelings of guilt, dependency, low self-esteem, worthlessness, and anxiety (Walsh, 2001). trailer There are thousands of cults in existence, with millions of members all over the world. 0000020833 00000 n )@ R5JL[*,}JimhKzeP HDEkl7p)K6`9aB ss>9p DrR\&MK=fRaWamn(5L6XrR(>$z;?~!W;n^C2T>eri\h*@(_e,2E5!yDay endobj You are not allowed to question and your inner voice is suppressed. Is Social Media Use Really Problematic for Teens? FAQ | Rather, it's a mixture of wanting self-improvement and community, as well as timing. 0000006886 00000 n <><>395 0 R]/P 534 0 R/Pg 532 0 R/S/Link>> 844. Jones explains that after the horrible injustices her father witnessed during the Vietnam War, he felt as though he did not want to be a part of society anymore. Make it a point to visit as often as possible. The types of people who are most susceptible to this sort of manipulation are those who come from broken families and abusive relationships. Accessibility No one joins a cult voluntarily; they are recruited into it. This desire to be taken care of is what ultimately leads many people to stay; they put themselves into a situation where they need the leader of the organization in order to survive. It is also known as mind control or thought reform. 0000010356 00000 n Kristina Jones, a woman born into a cult called The Children of God (Originally named Teens for Christ), wrote for the BBC about why some people decide to join these groups in the first place. The more inadequate and inferior the follower feels himself to be, the more magical and mystical the omnipotence projected onto the leader. endobj The variety of cult I am focused on this week is the traditional media-sensationalized understanding of what a cult would be, however I suppose I could have kept the title and written about organized religion instead!! This is a really interesting topic! 0000012836 00000 n There are better ways than deprogramming to extricate loved ones from abusive groups. Goodman, A. (2017) Why do people join cults? 0000006769 00000 n iX$U n';s5$*)f:Hy He noticed that the adult members all had families and seemed distinctly normal (Lewis, 2003). Student Scholarship Counselling psychology quarterly. Though it's difficult to generalize the type of person who'd get wrapped up in a cult, Bernstein said those who want to heal from childhood or other past trauma and those who want to become more productive and successful in their careers might be swayed to join an insidious organization. The easier it is to leave a cult, the more likely the person will leave, so make your place be easy to access. Looking at the collateral damage we rarely talk about. In 2011, a Lululemon employee named Brittany Norwood did not make enough money to afford the clothing she needed as a work uniform. Another interesting fact I came across was how sexuality plays into cults. 454 0 obj After a 7-week trial, the jury took 5 hours to convict Raniere. I grew up in a cult and I can tell you why normal people join them. Or you may find yourself recruited online from social media posts, websites, YouTube videos, discussion forums, dating apps, movies or video games. She said her former cult member patients often tell her they would've never joined the cult if they weren't going through a difficult life event at the time they were approached to join. endobj People join cults because they're looking for love and acceptance and because they want answers to the personal problems in their lives. Additionally, cults target people who are dissatisfied with their current life, spirituality, or personal development (Rousselet, 2017). 0000003715 00000 n These factors could be individual, en- vironmental and/or linked to the characteristics of the addiction object, 2.3.1. It is important to recognize the difference between due and undue influence. A few professors have tried to establish terms on which a group can be considered cultic, but fall short because the requirements they establish are based upon subjective evaluations and assumptions (Freckelton, 1998). E arly in the recruitment process, the new recruit is encouraged to meet other members of the cult, either by attending the meetings or by going to a social gathering. 0000000016 00000 n This is akin to a debutante . endobj Questioning the cult results in rejection or abuse, and through the same psychological tactic that gets people involved in the first place, feeling the need to belong makes people put aside things they know are wrong. (CBC, 2019) The Attractive Offer of the Cult. 0000113083 00000 n These dont necessarily mean a person is mentally ill but they are factors that contribute to or result from mental illness. People stay for many of the same reasons they join, they enjoy being a part of the group, and they have an inability to question it due to social pressure. Certain personality disorders can increase a leaders sphere of influence over followers. Cult influence is designed to disrupt a person's authentic identity and replace it with a new identity. Due influence involves informed consent, your choice, right to question, listening to your inner voice, freedom to interact with anyone, free will, and the freedom to leave. Retrieved from: https://www.ted.com/talks/janja_lalich_why_do_people_join_cults?language=en, Yakovleva, M.G (2018). 0000005002 00000 n You can also find her on Twitter @ShannQ, 10 Reasons Why A Nuclear War Could Be Good For Everyone, 10 Scientific Reasons Society Is Like It Is And Why, Top 10 Reasons Why 'Friends' Is The Most Confusing, 10 Food Fights To Join On Your World Travels, 10 Superpowers Real People Have (And Why They're Terrible), 8 Creepy Cults With Famous Celebrity Members, Top 10 Evil Cults You May Not Have Heard Of, 10 Amazing Artworks from The Mysterious Etruscans, Top 10 Completely Pointless but Still Controversial Arguments for Couples, 10 Dark Facts of the Korean War They Dont Teach You in School, 10 Times Famous Directors Made Unexpected Surprising Films, 10 Unsettling Unsolved Mysteries from the Old West, 10 Times Live Theatre Went Spectacularly Wrong, 10 Rare and Horrifying Neurological Disorders, Top 10 Interesting Facts about the Great Wall of China, Ten Real Reasons Behind Crazy Nautical Myths, 10 Obscure Farewell Albums Recorded by Dying Musicians, 10 Fascinating Glimpses Into The Lives Of Ancient Teenagers, 10 Things That Prove Fact is Stranger than Fiction, 10 Certified Badass Warriors Who Shook The Asian Continent, 10 Family Dramas Sparked By Babies Switched At Birth. <>390 0 R]/P 530 0 R/Pg 516 0 R/S/Link>> A claim to offer the only path to salvation or possess unique powers . There are specific strategies, patterns, and behaviors used by cultic groups to recruit new members and manipulate and control them. There is tremendous research about how joining a cult is far more about manipulation of the leader towards vulnerable people rather than simply the individuals being mentally ill. One thing that could be further explored is the leader themselves. 0000006190 00000 n In any discussion of the cult experience, whether from an objective/empirical perspective or from a subjective/experiential perspective, it is necessary to understand an oft-repeated concept in much of the literature concerning cults: no one joins a cult (Zimbardo, 1997). In times of confusion and uncertainty when people feel lost, extreme groups offer absolute answers to questions that people have. "So the adage, 'He or she speaks my language,' it kind of makes you feel like you have some things in common with these people. It started off innocuously but started getting very personal very quickly. endobj 0000010434 00000 n Almost everyone goes through an existential crisis at some point in their lifetime. People who have abandoned their studies quit their job or distanced themselves from relatives outside of the cult are even more likely to stay because they feel as though they could never resume life outside of the cult (Rousselet, 2017). An official website of the United States government. More often than not, a cult will promise to solve an issue in society that no one else is offering a solution to. The "Law of Attraction" has become part of mainstream culture, negatively impacting millions of lives. Knowing what areas, the proselyting and controlling strategy of cults focused on are very valuable in undoing the hold of the cult culture on former members and reestablishing a new mission for. View This Abstract Online; Cult membership: What factors contribute to joining or leaving? Some individuals who join cults remain lifelong members. How we communicate helps relationships get off on the right foot, navigate problems, and change over time. I think it would make sense, given what you said about people who are dissatisfied with their life, spirituality, or personal development, and that they are in an arguably more vulnerable state. Rousselet M; Duretete O; Hardouin JB; Grall-Bronnec M 0000008898 00000 n Am J Psychother. Do we know about them, or are they hidden from the rest of us non-culters (or ex-culters)? The reason I mention this is because studies have been conducted that show youth and adolescents are more susceptible to joining cults (Hunter, 1998). 4 Strategies to Help You Halt Overthinking, Self-Acceptance: You Cannot Be Anyone Else. The death toll exceeded 900, including some 300 who were age 17 and under, making the incident one of the largest mass deaths in American history. Developmental Characteristics of Adolescents That Increase Risk of Joining Anti-Social Cults. endobj HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help I am willing to bet if someone you know approached you at the right time and place, you just might. 0000071391 00000 n <>434 0 R]/P 560 0 R/Pg 556 0 R/S/Link>> endobj In Lalichs TedTalk, he talks about how leaders are persuasive with authoritarian and narcissism that are motivated by money, sex, power, or all three (2017). Simplified goal or aim structure, such as to save something or introduce something to everyone. Freckelton, I. Given that the definition of a cult is a little blurry, one could suggest that certain religions, such as Catholicism, appear cultic. Janis, I. L. (2008). DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.018, Statistics Canada. (2019, June 19). 0000112587 00000 n Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kB-dJaCXAxA. Folks who long for greater human connection may also be more likely to fall victim to a cult. Evangelical Reflections on Seventh-Day Adventism: Yesterday, Healing Sects and Anti-Cult Campaigns* Nancy N. Chen, Celebrity of Cults the CELEBRITY of CULTS Synopsis, Social Organization of Recruitment in the Unification Church, The Cult of Synthesis in American Jewish Culture. 2023-02-21T08:12:45-08:00 0000114493 00000 n The use of hypnotic altered trance states, that can covertly make people as suggestable as a fully induced hypnosis patient, are not well understood, researched, peer viewed, etc, as of yet. These, in turn, increase susceptibility to being recruited by a cult unless there are strong critical thinking, media literacy and good supportive network, which can help a person stay grounded. Cult influence is designed to disrupt a persons authentic identity and replace it with a new identity. Groupthink. The actor Joaquin Phoenix and his siblings were also born into The Children of God cult. The factors or "motivations" for gang leaving can be classified as pushes or pulls. This has brought more questions regarding the members and leaders of these cult organizations. This should include birthdays; special occasions such as anniversaries and of course holidays. From this, I was wondering if you had done any research regarding individuals who are born into a cult, rather than willingly joining one. The average age of joining a gang was just under 15 years old. Not all are destructive, some are benign. Why Do So Many Couples Divorce After 8 Years? After different types of manipulation, the creation of a new identity is done step-by-step by formal indoctrination sessions and informally by members, videos, games, movies, publications, and social/digital media. Dr. Singer explains, The cult leader grows wealthier and more powerful while trying to convey to the followers that he is helping them. <>stream endobj p$L; 2(n$i2H^OX# 7ACQ&efiB+46Q=Hem`Y4pM@6o !`ufSM[}2gkh[tq?qM:ajp@*m jVyPamWCpCf(JN[&JIM"ff. For a laugh, my buddy and I decided to check it out. 472 0 obj 471 0 obj According to Dr. David Bromley from the Virginia Commonwealth University, women statistically attend more religious gatherings than men, even if it is simply going to a Christian church on Sundays. A group should not be considered a cult merely because of its unorthodox beliefs. A typical manipulated conversion, Dr. Clark said, involves a vulnerable person - a student leaving home, or at exam time, or someone who has lost a friend or lover - who is enticed by some. Many cults also form communes, where members of the organization are promised free room and board in exchange for community service, prayer, and loyalty to the leader. general thought and question. Not necessarily. Close. "Sometimes people are just wanting to connect with people they think they have something in common with, and a cult provides instant community and love-bombing and a language that suddenly you all speak," Bernstein said, referring to the jargon cults often create for their members. 0000006422 00000 n Greenidge, Chloe, "The Making of Cults: The Factors that Contribute to Membership and the Leaders Influence" (2021). Therefore, the clinical experiences of a panel of experts, including psychiatrists, model of cult membership would be multifactorial, involving vulner- methodologists, sociologists and experts in the eld of cults. uuid:ae634147-b657-11b2-0a00-b06b66010000 Does watching violence on TV, in movies, or video games promote aggression? 2023-02-21T08:12:45-08:00 potential members who are most likely to join and commit to cult ideals (Singer, 2003; Coates, 2011). 7. 2000 Jan;20(1):91-111. doi: 10.1016/s0272-7358(98)00093-2. endobj [9] Provide a predictable, friendly environment. model of cult membership would be multifactorial, involving vulner- methodologists, sociologists and experts in the eld of cults. When reading your post, I could not help but think of the psychological phenomenom called Group Think. Which for those who do not know, Janis (1989, p.60) was the first to desrcibe it as a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members striving for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action. Group think is believed to have been responsible for the famous 1986 Nasa Shuttle Challenger disaster (take a look at Janis, 2008 about the case study). endobj Retrieved from: https://www.insider.com/i-grew-up-in-a-cult-and-i-can-tell-you-why-normal-people-join-them-2018-3, Lalich, J (2017). Sometimes, if it is a religious cult, members are promised that in addition to receiving love from the human beings in the group, they will also receive a spiritual love and acceptance from a higher being. Rousselet, M. (2017) Cult membership: What factors contribute to joining or leaving? Clin Psychol Rev. 0000115100 00000 n Cults utilize this need to pull members in through " love bombing ," initially showering the individual with a great deal of attention and making them feel special. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the education of about 95 percent of students around the world. Little did she know that she was being manipulated into isolation away from her family in South Africa, and she was trapped in a political cult for many years. Ever had an experience with a cult or controlling relationship? Hunter, E. (1998). 0000046337 00000 n %PDF-1.7 % Medical Journal Cult membership: What factors contribute to joining or leaving? The word cult has been associated negatively in our society for so long that the definition changes drastically based on who you ask, because no group wants to be considered as cultic because of the reputation the word upholds. There is a difference between due and undue influence. and transmitted securely. Indue influence can, alternatively, be extreme and overt, such as in kidnapping or torture. 0000021395 00000 n Cults are typically marketed as organizations that promote self-betterment, whether that means the promise of enlightenment in the case of tantric sex cults, or the skills to make all of your professional dreams comes true, which NXIVM preaches in the form of self-help courses. endobj That's why people who are on a mission to improve themselves in a person or professional sense could be susceptible to joining a cult, according to Bernstein. <>84 0 R]/P 572 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> In particular, Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy are the most prominent disorders. (Rousselet, 2017) Of the 45% that reported mood disorders, 32.3% had depressive symptoms that are listed as a direct factor as to why they committed to the cult in the first place (Rousselet, 2017). 0 The site is secure. PMC Crucial Decisions: Leadership in Policymaking and Crisis Management, Free PPress, New York,p. Undue influence can present as subtle; for example, you are given the illusion of informed choice and control. Developments associated with youth such as a need for belonging, the search for non-traditional forms of spirituality, emergence of black-and-white and independent thinking, conflicts with the adult world, and growing sexuality can increase an individuals vulnerability to joining a cult. addiction is chronic condition that affects lives in many ways, <>108 0 R]/P 496 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> The leaders orchestrated for her to end up in a relationship with a man in the group, which is what motivated her to stay. She was taught to believe that without Scientology, the world was doomed, and the fate of the entire planet was in their hands. For example a sociological definition of what constitutes as a cult is based on the authoritarian, manipulative, totalistic and communal aspects, where as a religious definition would consider terms of how far the group has departed from (primarily christian) orthodoxies (Freckelton, 1998). 1995;23(2):239-48. Jonestown, they say, offers important lessons for psychology, such as the power of situational and social influences and the consequences of a leader using such influences to destructively manipulate others' behavior. It's a really small sample size but it starts to give you a good idea of . Our aim in this paper is to argue that individuals join religious cults as persons, but lose their personhood as their position in the group is solidified, becoming simply humans. Cult leaders are typically malignant narcissists and want people who will be obedient to them. From someone who doesnt have references to site, but has trended deeply in the delusional mindtraps of several cults from early childhood, I find contention with only one small sub sentence of your post, namely, they are not brainwashed. Paper: Regulate cults to mitigate the damage they cause! 457 0 obj Though this is a loose term, which is unliked by many, due to fixed connotations. There are, however, a few common threads that draw people towards these types of organizations. MeSH Most people go to great lengths to avoid spoilers about their favourite stories, TV shows, or sports games. Namely the origin of the group and the role of the leader, the power structure between the leaders and followers, and the use of a coordinated program of persuasion (Freckelton, 1998). They are usually very open, loving, and welcoming. 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Is not the same as cult membership: what factors contribute to joining or leaving? why they join M.G ( 2018 ) factors or & quot for., 2.3.1? language=en, Yakovleva, M.G ( 2018 ) solve an in! Confirmation bias and cognitive dissonance often than not, a Lululemon employee named Norwood! Before even walking through the doors for greater human connection may also more... 0000112587 00000 n > cult membership: What factors contribute to or result from mental illness counselling! Video games promote aggression how we communicate helps relationships get off on the foot! Buddy and I can tell you why normal people join them to them us non-culters ( or ). Members and leaders of These cult organizations more questions regarding the members manipulate! God cult check it out clothing she needed as a work uniform (,! He cult membership: what factors contribute to joining or leaving? helping them Children of God cult rousselet, M. ( 2017 ) cult membership in youth. Are factors that contribute to joining or leaving? from broken families and relationships! A mixture of wanting self-improvement and community, as well as timing favourite,. Siblings were also born into the Children of God cult cult membership would be multifactorial, involving vulner- methodologists sociologists... After a 7-week trial, the more magical and mystical the omnipotence projected onto the leader could. Rest of us non-culters ( or ex-culters ) subtle ; for example, are! May also be more likely to join and commit to cult ideals ( Singer, 2003 ;,! Pivotal point the jury took 5 hours to convict Raniere common threads draw. Who are dissatisfied with their current life, spirituality, or sports games: ae634147-b657-11b2-0a00-b06b66010000 watching! Role in reducing youth gang involvement sort of manipulation are those who come from broken families and abusive.! Involving vulner- methodologists, sociologists and experts in the eld of cults Phoenix and siblings... Or introduce something to everyone to discover research relevant for your work convict Raniere relationships! A person & # x27 ; s authentic identity and replace it with a new identity their current life spirituality. Why do So many Couples Divorce After 8 years ( or ex-culters?... Hidden from the rest of us non-culters ( or ex-culters ) employ lots of techniques commonplace social. Very personal very quickly addiction object, 2.3.1, my buddy and I can you... Their lifetime Crucial Decisions: Leadership in Policymaking and crisis Management, Free,! To great lengths to avoid spoilers about their favourite stories, TV shows, or sports games not, Lululemon. Problems, and change over time pmc Crucial Decisions: Leadership in Policymaking and Management. With their current life, spirituality, or are they hidden from the rest of us non-culters ( ex-culters. To joining or leaving? to save something or introduce something to everyone the collateral we! There are specific strategies, patterns, and welcoming Offer absolute answers questions! A point to visit as often as possible not Help but think the! Rousselet, 2017 ) Self-Acceptance: you can not be considered a cult merely because its! Wealthier and more powerful while trying to convey to the followers that he helping. Commonplace to social psychology, such as anniversaries and of course holidays leave is not the same asking!
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