Less famous types of aircraft like the Fairey Fulmar and Blackburn Skua held the line during the first two years of action, yet today remain unknown except by enthusiasts. The Beauforts operated could use both torpedoes and bombs and lay naval mines. IWM collections. Modern mechanized armies need a robust logistics chain to provide fuel, ammunition, and other sinews of war to sustain combat operations. This movement masked the departure of a task force, centered on theIllustrious, which veered off toward Taranto on the afternoon of November 11. http://www.fleetairarmarchive.net/Aircraft/firefly_wb271_preserved_flying_RNHF.jpg, CANADA BANS 1500 TYPES OF ASSAULT WEAPONS IMMEDIATELY, Charity Auction for Signed Copy of Finish Forty and Home. There were only two occasions on which it was used as a spotter but it was used for reconnaissance and air sea rescue throughout the war. Of all the aircraft operated by the Royal Navy since 1912 when the Naval Wing of the Royal Flying Corps was formed, the Swordfish aircraft is historically the most important. The fight for Mount Austen witnessed some of the hardest fighting on Guadalcanal. Unfortunately, the design of the Spitfire a superb land-based interceptor - was not well suited to adaptation as a naval fighter. The Royal Navy and its aircraft and aircraft carriers played an essential part in the Second World War. For the loss of two planes, the Swordfish had severely damaged theLittorio, Caio Duilio, and Conte di Cavour, inflicting almost 700casualties. Seafires would seefurther action during theKorean Warin the early 1950s, before being retired in favour of newer designs, such as theSea Fury. Flying from carriers, aircraft armed with bombs or torpedoes could sink ships at distances of hundreds of miles. A good three dozen Royal Navy warships were committed to the operation, including a task force comprising five escort carriers. Heading inland, the fighter leader spotted two twin-engine bombers bearing enemy markings on their wings. "British Naval Aircraft Since 1912". Formed as an all-Black unit, it became famous not for its combat record, but for its fight against the military version of separate but equal.. With its low speed, good manoeuvrability and inherently tough design, the bi-plane Swordfish served magnificently in the Battle of the Atlantic and throughout the war and still represents a symbol of the selfless courage, fortitude and achievement of the Fleet Air Arm. This included the battleshipsLittorio, Vittorio Veneto, Giulio Cesare, Caio Duilio, Andrea Doria, and Conte di Cavour, the first two of those being brand new, along with several cruisers and destroyers. By the end of the war the worldwide strength of the Fleet Air Arm was 59 aircraft carriers, 3,700 aircraft, 72,000 officers and men, and 56 Naval air stations. This Supermarine Spitfire Mark 1a was shot downnear Calais on 26 May 1940. A WWII biplane and significant national asset which has come to represent the very essence of both the Fleet Air Arm and wider naval ethos of the 'can-do, will-do' attitude. In addition to the four 20mm Hispano Mk.II autocannons they carried, they were armed with either eight RP-3 rockets or a single torpedo. Modified for British requirements, they were given the service name "Chesapeake". This list deals specifically with aircraft of the Royal Navy 's Fleet Air Arm (FAA) during World War II . The US military was a nearly unstoppable force during WWII, but the challenges of weather and natural disasters meant that the power of American bombs and bullets could pale in comparison to the power of nature. This list deals specifically with aircraft of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm (FAA) during World War II. 22-05-2013 19:41:15 ZULU. [30][31], Beaufighter TF.X at RAF Museum with examples of its armament, The Bristol Beaufighter was an interim heavy fighter based on the Bristol Beaufort. This time, three of the five torpedoes dropped hit their targetsagain the bombs were ineffective. Free shipping for many products! But the contribution of the FAA to the Battle of the Atlantic extended beyond its contribution to the defeat of the U-boat threat. Forthcoming events on the FAAOA calendar. This list deals specifically with aircraft of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm (FAA) during World War II. The opportunity was too good to pass up. There were only two occasions on which it was used as a spotter but it was used for reconnaissance and air sea rescue throughout the war. Back on the aircraft carrier, the pilots prepared to rearm for further attacks, but approaching bad weather forced the British to withdraw. $8.88 + $5.65 shipping. In both war and peace, Baker served as an inspirational leader for the soldiers that served under his command and for generations to come. Tel. Built by: Blackburn Engines: 1 x Bristol Pegasus Mk.1M.3Number in Crew : 2Performance :Max Speed : 136 mphCeiling : 15,000 ftWeapons : 1 x torp OR 3 x 5550 lb bombsWing Span : 45 ftDate First Flight : 1932Date First Squadron : 1933Number Built: 29 + 68 converted RiponsIn Service Dates : 1932 - 1936Squadrons Barracuda. The problem is that the sources are scattered, and no one source gives a complete picture. Designed as a powerful two seat carrier-borne naval fighter reconnaissance aircraft, the prototype Firefly first flew on 22 December 1941. Modified for British requirements, they were given the service name "Chesapeake". A/S and BomberBuilt by: Beardmore Engines: Renault 90hp.Number in Crew : 1 or 2Performance : Max Speed : 72 mphCeiling : 10,000 ftWeapons : 4 x 25lb bombs or Lewis gun.Wing Span : 37 ftDate First Flight : July 1913Date First Squadron : 1914Number Built: over 300In Service Dates : 1914 - 1918Squadrons or Flights. Fly Navy Heritage Trust is licenced and regulated in Great Britain by the Gambling Commision under the account number 52537. For Second World War squadrons see also the Fleet Air Arm archive 1939-1945 site. South Dispersal, The Sea Hurricane mk IA was a catapult only aircraft that was carried and launched from CAM ships. Artillery spotting involved the Swordfish tracking the fall of shot from its ship and relaying back where it landed to help its ship make adjustments to their guns aim to be more accurate. The naval version of the Spitfire, the Seafire, saw action in North Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Baltic against German battleships and with the British Pacific Fleet. Suggestions for additional aircraft to be included will be welcome. Fleet Air Arm launches (1948-1954) The success and growth of naval aviation during World War II made apparent a need for an Australian Fleet Air Arm. Picture Information. Contact The Fleet Air Arm Officers Association. They were equipped with ASV radar.[32][33]. Fleet Air Arm Aircraft. Was originally called Tarpon but was changed to Avenger when for changed to using the US names. The British took over French order for 50 Vought Vindicators after the Battle of France. Help us continue to keep this last remaining link with Victory in Europe flying, as a lasting legacy of the great price paid to keep our Atlantic life-line open by making a donation today. Type 504 Fighter/BomberBuilt by: Avro Engines: 1 x Gnome or Le RhoneNumber in Crew : 1 or 2Performance : Max Speed : 82 mphCeiling : 5,000ftWeapons : 4 x 20lb bombs or Lewis gun.Wing Span : 36 ftDate First Flight : July 1913Date First Squadron : Aug 1914Number Built: over 300In Service Dates : 1913 - 1928Squadrons or Flights. The Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm on the other hand, used their variant of the F4F Wildcat, F6F Hellcat and the F4U Corsair. Thank you for your support! For Mk.V 1 x RR Griffon 37Number in Crew : 3Performance :Max Speed : 235 mphCeiling : 15,000 ftWeapons : 1 x torpedo, OR 1 x 1500 lb mine, OR 4 x 500lb bombs, OR 6 x 250 lb bombs. This list deals specifically with aircraft of the Royal Navy 's Fleet Air Arm (FAA) during World War II . 2,160 likes, 8 comments - Warbird Lovers (@warbird_lovers) on Instagram: "A selection of classic wartime naval aircraft on display at the Fleet Air Arm Museum in Yeovilton." Warbird Lovers on Instagram: "A selection of classic wartime naval aircraft on display at the Fleet Air Arm Museum in Yeovilton, UK. Swordfish aircraft have the distinction of being one of a very small number of aircraft which were in operational front line service at the outbreak of the second world war, and still in front line service after the declaration of peace in Europe. The first to be converted was not deployed into the North Atlantic until the end of May 1943, sailing with Convoy ONS 9. Bruce Paul Fontenoy Tarpon Wed Jul 18 10:52:20 2001 In the British military the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) is the branch of the Royal Navy designated responsible for the operation of naval aircraft. Is there a good reference book available that would describe the different Paint Scheme's and colors (colours?) Hurt and shaken by this attack, the Italian Navy would never summon the resolve to challenge British naval power in the Mediterranean. Naval aircraft provided air cover to convoys keeping the Atlantic life-line open, supported the land campaigns in north Africa and Europe, changed the balance of power in the Mediterranean and helped secure victory in the Pacific. Using the advanced search in our catalogue, search for: Fleet Air Arm Operations Record Books by name and number of squadron in ADM 207 and AIR 27 (for example, for 801 squadron . Between World War I and World War II, the Royal Air Force (RAF) had absorbed the Royal Naval Air Service and assumed responsibility for operating the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm (FAA). Hope this helps. Naval aviation services: Fleet Air Arm and RAF Coastal Command 7.1 Fleet Air Arm. The Battle of the Atlantic demonstrated the enduring importance of control of the sea to provide a highway for the transport of raw materials, munitions, and men, to maintain the nations security and to project power across the globe. Thanks! Swordfish, "string-bags" as they were called, whose top rate of speed was only 8o m.p.h., were sent out to attack the "Scharnhorst" and "Gneisenau" making for Germany. Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of aircraft of the Royal Naval Air Service, List of aircraft of the Army Air Corps (United Kingdom), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_aircraft_of_the_Fleet_Air_Arm&oldid=1149099659, training/deck landing evaluation/liaison helicopter, Fighter/reconnaissance/ground attack/trainer, This page was last edited on 10 April 2023, at 05:53. After the successful, but short-lived, deployment of the small CVE, HMS Audacity, in late 1941, the next ship, HMS Archer was deployed into the Central Atlantic off Sierra Leone to support convoys against encroachments by German surface raiders. This aircraft came into service by the FAA in November 1943. Fleet Air Arm. The Fleet Air Arm in WWII. With the German Afrika Korps driving toward the Suez Canal in July 1942, heroic resistance by a small band of Indian soldiers and anti-tank gunners stopped Rommel in his tracks, setting the stage for the climactic battle of El Alamein. It also was designed for reconnaissance/spotting and later in the war it was replaced in the frontline torpedo role and given anti-submarine duties from escort carriers. More merchant ships were needed to lift the considerable additional reinforcement and their maintenance supplies. bomb under the fuselage and four 40lb bombs or eight 20lb Cooper bombs under the wings. The aircraft were lumbering Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers of the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm; their target: Italian Navy warships anchored at the port of Taranto. This week we will hear the memories of some of those involved and pay tribute to the service and sacrifice of a remarkable generation. Or whatever else there may be? TheBattle of Britaincalled for incredible feats of bravery. At 8:35 that evening, the first wave of twelve Swordfish, half of them carrying torpedoes and the rest with bombs and flares, took off. Free shipping for many products! Although some got torpedoes away, none hit the ships, all the Swordfish were downed and only five of the 18 crew were rescued. Contents 1 Carrier aircraft of World War II Sadly, the names of these three men are currently unknown. but a kid with a peashooter could manage that, (I still think the Japs had better fighters than the Germans). Reconnaissance came from planes that had been designed to undertake this role as well as an offensive role such as a fighter or bomber: Training after withdrawal as carrier fighter. Firefox and Chrome are okay, but it doesn't work with Safari. http://www.theworldwars.net/resources/r camo_rnfaa, http://www.theworldwars.net/resources/r amo_rafww2. [24][25], Skuas just about to take off from the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal (91), All FAA torpedo bombers except the Grumman Avenger could also act as dive bombers. OR 6 x 250 lb bombs or 3 x 500 lb bombs below wings OR 4 x Mk.VII depth charges. For colors (digital chips) go to the Aviation of Japan home page, scroll down the right side and there is a. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. RM 2FP087P - Arrester hook of Supermarine Seafire fighter plane, naval version of the Spitfire. no aircraft could have been more tractable or forgiving.. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Wings of the Navy by Eric Brown (1980) Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm WWII at the best online prices at eBay! 10th Apr 1940 Ship Sunk. Helpful seller and fast delivery. The Supermarine Walrus was a seaplane designed to be operated off battleships and cruiser for reconnaissance and as a spotter for the main armament. Mks I, II, III. It is also home to the first British Concorde and the award-winning Aircraft . In doing so, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini opened a dangerous new front. CAM ships launched their fighters, in this case a Sea Hurricane, with a rocket-powered catapult. Built by: Chance Vought Engines: 1 x P&W Double Wasp R-2800Number in Crew : 1Performance : Max Speed : 374 mphCeiling : 35,000 ftWeapons : 4 or 6 x 0.5in guns in wings + 2 x 1000lb bombsWing Span : 41 ftDate First Flight : 1938Date First Squadron : 1 June 1943Number Built: Abt 2000In Service Dates All of our cookies are used to ensure the best user experience and some are essential for this website to operate correctly. The Hudsons were coming in great numbers, as many Hudsons as the Air Ministry could handle. #ga-ad {display: none;} This forum contains affiliate links to products on Amazon and eBay. List of Fleet Air Arm aircraft in World War II, Last edited on 29 December 2022, at 02:31, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Fleet_Air_Arm_aircraft_in_World_War_II&oldid=1130200417, This page was last edited on 29 December 2022, at 02:31. And the Swordfish proved spectacularly successful in taking out naval targets. 1944 Decommissioned After brief service with 811 Naval Air Squadron in 1941 they were withdrawn from frontline and used for training.[26][27]. Squadrons were to be numbered in two blocks - 800 - 899 for first . That was the primary requirement which the function of the Fleet Air Arm imposes upon it. In addition to the four 20mm Hispano Mk.II autocannons they carried, they were armed with either eight RP-3 rockets or a single torpedo. The FAA operated aircraft from Royal Navy ships, mainly aircraft carriers but also including capital ships and cruisers, as well as from land bases defending ports and attacking enemy shipping. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for WW2 Aircraft Postcard C1940 Real Photo RAF Fleet Air Arm Grumman G36 Fighter at the best online prices at eBay! Edward G. Lengel is the former Senior Director of Programs for the National WWII Museums Institute for the Study of War and Democracy. And so much is out of print. The Taranto attack made front page news across the world. (Squadrons Baffin Torp Bomber. These men are members of the Fleet Air Arm, a branch of the Royal Navy that operated aircraft from navy ships. The British took over French order for 50 Vought Vindicators after the Battle of France. Yet only in the fourth year of the war was the Fleet Air Arm given the Seafire. The courageous volunteer pilots of three obsolete British biplanes nicknamed Faith, Hope, and Charity engaged enemy raiders in combat over Malta in June 1940. British planners had been considering an attack by carrier-based aircraft on the base at Taranto for several weeks before reconnaissance on November 9 confirmed that Italys entire battleship strength was based there. JavaScript is disabled. info@nationalww2museum.org After the fall of Europe, the main supply route for the continued prosecution of the war was between north America and the UK across the North Atlantic. Built by: FaireyEngines: 1 x RR Merlin 30 or 32. Nazi Germany, with no overseas possessions and no significant surface navy, was a major land power in Europe but posed no serious threat to the British empire. From 1933, an RAF Coastal Command detachment operating from the wharf at the HM Dockyard, on Ireland Island, was responsible for the maintenance of the aeroplanes carried by the cruisers based at the Bermuda . They wear yellow lifejackets, known as Mae Wests, after the popular actress of the same name. This time it's the Grumman Martletnot a household name but a dogged fighter, the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm's version of the American F4F Wildcat. One of the Swordfish was shot down, killing the crew, and the rest returned to theIllustrious. A modified version of the U.S. Navy's F4F, the Grumman Model G-36A provided the Royal Navy with its first high-performance single-seat monoplane carrier fighter. Combined fighter and dive bomber -the Skua could carry a single 250lb or 500 lb. For colors (digital chips) go to the Aviation of Japan home page, scroll down the right side and there is a. Fairey Swordfish floatplane is recovered aboard the battleship Malaya after reconnaissance flight in 1941. A vital element for many of the wide and varied roles undertaken by the Royal Navy, FAA roles range from humanitarian operations, through to securing the seas, fighting terrorism and landing troops onto hostile shores. [21][22], The Fairey Albacore was intended as a replacement for the Swordfish fulfilling the same roles with an improved engine and enclosed cabin. In May 1942, the Admiralty commented 'that with adequate and efficient air escort', the U-boat '"wolf-pack" attack on a convoy should be impossible'. Artillery spotting involved the Swordfish tracking the fall of shot from its ship and relaying back where it landed to help its ship make adjustments to their guns aim to be more accurate. For a faster, safer browsing experienceand to make use of the FAAOA site features. ISBN, Articles needing page number citations from December 2020, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Tarpon III were delivered with the interior colors as the Tarpon II, and in overall glossy sea blue. ISBN, Thetford, Owen (1978). This section lists many of the aircraft flown by the RNAS/FAA since 1909 at Front Line. The Fleet Air Arm grew in both size and capability throughout the war and from relatively constrained beginnings in 1939, saw sea versions of the Hurricane and Spitfire evolving into highly capable naval aircraft complemented by Fulmars, Barracudas and Fireflies. $10.00 + $6.85 shipping. A second wave lifted off from the Illustrious at 21:23 hours led by Lieutenant Commander J. W. Hale. This page is not available in other languages. Sadly, the names of these three men are currently unknown. Aircraft, Navy . On November 10, two British naval convoys from Gibraltar and Egypt converged on Malta, offloaded supplies, and then split again. Went into service in 1940-1943 but was replaced by the Barracuda before the end of the war.[23]. . An all metal monoplane torpedo-bomber/dive bomber, the Barracude was the last British torpedo bomber to enter service during the war, serving from January 1943. Although the Italian Army was not very formidable, aircraft operating from mainland Italy and Sicily could strike at the strategically vital island of Malta. One aircraft left 20 minutes late after being damaged while taxiing on the flight deck. Yet the Fleet Air Arm has to fight the same enemy and the same machines in the same air as the Royal Air Force. This is a list of aircraft of the Fleet Air Arm (FAA). Then there is the . Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons, Fleet Air Arm archive: INDEX OF NAVAL AIR SQUADRONS - 860 squadron (Netherlands), Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. The FAA operated aircraft from Royal Navy ships, mainly aircraft carriers but also including capital ships and cruisers, as well as from land bases defending ports and attacking enemy shipping. With improvements in radar it was removed from some of the capital ships as it was rendered obsolete in its other role in patrolling for axis subs with ASV radar[28][29], The Beaufort was derived from a medium bomber and was used by the Fleet Air Arm from 1943 until the end of the war. Built by: Blackburn Engines: 2 x DH Gyron Junior 101Number in Crew : 2Performance : Max Speed : 600 ktsCeiling : 45,000 ftWeapons : 8000 lbs Bombs, missiles, nuclear capableWing Span : 44 ftDate First Flight : 30 Apl 1958Date First Squadron : 1 July 1962Number Built: 52In Service Dates : 1961 Bucanneer S.2 LL Strike. The USNavy, both in Washington, D.C. and on station in the Pacific and Atlantic, studied the attack carefully, and suggestions were made to install torpedo nets at Pearl Harbor, which was recognized to be vulnerable. Albacore Torpedo Bomber Built by: FaireyEngine: 1 x Bristol Taurus IINumber in Crew : 3Performance : Max Speed : 169 mphCeiling : 17,000 ft.Weapons : 1 x 18 inch torpedo bemeath fuselage. If I recall correctly, the Wildcat was tougher, dove faster and could out turn the ME109 (I can't recall at what altitude or speed . Carrier aircraft of World War II [ edit] Japanese planners also studied Taranto, however. Then there are the Hudsons of Coastal Command. The events of the next few hours would change the balance of power in the Mediterranean, and set the stage for the world-shaking events of December 7, 1941, on the other side of the . I have read very limited accounts of encounters between the Wildcat (Martlet) and the ME109. WWII Naval Aircraft in Combat by Eric M. Brown (1988,. In the background of this photo is aSupermarine Seafire, a naval fighter aircraft based on the famousSpitfire. By far the most famous Illustrious is the fourth, a WW2 aircraft carrier which saw extensive combat in the Mediterranean and Far East. Many of them were flown across the Atlantic. Formed on April 1st 1924 the Fleet Air Arm encompassed all RAF aircraft that operated from carriers and other fighting ships. Despite its classification and appearance . As to the output of these firms, they were persuaded to give up some aircraft which were going in other directions in order that the UK might be supplied with essential aircraft for the Fleet Air Arm. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. "British Naval Aircraft Since 1912". . Though a product of the middle-to-late 1930's, the type continued to soldier on even as more advanced warplanes were appearing out of American factories as the war progressed. 'Scheme F' was introduced in World War Two where New Zealanders were recruited to serve with the Fleet Air Arm (FAA). Three of their six torpedoes hit two of the Italian battleships, although bombs dropped by other Swordfish caused no serious damage. The FAA operated aircraft from Royal Navy ships, mainly aircraft carriers but also including capital ships and cruisers, as well as from land bases defending ports and attacking enemy shipping. In practice, the folding wing allowed an increase of about 50% in the number of fighters carried aboard American fleet carriers. . Under the lend lease scheme, specialist American carrier types such as the Martlet (Wildcat), Corsair, Avenger and Hellcat helped provided the Fleet with a range of aircraft comparable or superior to the enemy both in Europe and the Far East. With four exhibition halls, over ninety aircraft, more than 2 million records, and 30 thousand artefacts, the Museum is Europe's largest naval aviation museum. 24 May 1939 the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm consisted of 20 squadrons with 232 aircraft. The Royal Air Force had the Spitfire before the war and is now using Spitfire IX. The Supermarine Walrus was a seaplane designed to be operated off battleships and cruiser for reconnaissance and as a spotter for the main armament. . [32][33], the AS/V radar on the Swordfish was fitted below the fuselage. For information on those Squadrons still active within the Royal Navy visit the archived Royal Navy Web site or Fleet Air Arm Web site. Renamed the Air Branch of the Royal Navy, at the onset of the Second World War, the Fleet Air Arm consisted of only 20 squadrons and 232 aircraft. . 1Aircraft 2Helicopters to support the Royal Marines 3Airships and balloons 4UAVs and drones 5Gliders 6Weapons of the Fleet Air Arm Toggle Weapons of the Fleet Air Arm subsection 6.1Air-to-air missiles 6.2Air-to-surface missiles 6.3Nuclear weapons 1950 to 2000 6.4Unguided rockets 6.5Torpedoes 6.6Free fall bombs 7See also 8References Many aircraft are represented in the FAA Museum at Yeovilton. The right-hand man, a Sub-Lieutenant, wears the chain-like insignia of the Royal Naval Reserve, with a pilots wings badge; the man on the left, also a Sub-Lieutenant, wears the wavy insignia of the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (RNVR). And they wouldtake action on December 7, 1941. Prototypes were largely under the control of the Air Ministry and not the Fleet Air Arm until their introduction into service. The second wave, reduced to eight planes, now headed for Taranto, guided by flames from burning Italian ships and harbor installations. In 1945 the Fleet Air Arm comprised some 78,000 people, 5,700 aircraft, 59 aircraft carriers and 64 Naval Air Stations around the world. Is there something that covers what I guess are the Temperate, Tropical and SEAC schemes? They were also in the Pacific, arriving in-theater in mid-1942 during operations against Japanese forces from Malaya and Australia up to India. Was originally called Tarpon but was changed to Avenger when the FAA changed to using the US names. Find out more here. It was used for attacks on Axis shipping by FAA and RAF Coastal Command. More information in Terms and rules. WWII fighter airplane used by British Fleet Air Arm, Royal Navy. and not very manouvorable - i think the only plane it could manage to shoot down kitted out like that was a Ju87! The first wave of 12 Swordfish reached Taranto in formation despite low visibility on the cloudy night of November 11, 1940. Thetford, Owen (1994). HMS New Zealand served at all three naval battles of WW1. Pilots found the Swordfish a delight to fly. 945 Magazine Street, New Orleans, LA 70130 FAAOA no longer offer support for your browser. The Fairey Swordfish was deployed from normal Royal Navy ships with floats through an aircraft catapult on board the ship in order to do recon or act as an artillery spotter for the ship. V Strike - dive bomber. Only one of the aircraft was shot downthe two-man crew survivedand the others returned safely. The parallel plan for the conversion of suitable grain-carrying merchant ships and oil tankers to Merchant Aircraft Carriers (or MAC Ships) accommodating a few Swordfish anti-submarine aircraft was also constrained by the critical shortage of ships in their primary role to continue to carry food and oil to the UK (especially with the heavy diversion of shipping associated with Operation Torch).
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