Prehistoric inhabitants adjusting to the encroaching desert were widely scattered by the third millennium BC, when the desiccation of the Sahara began. The military rulers looked upon the universities with deep suspicion and they were poorly funded. [55] The Nri had a taboo symbolic code with six types. The public response convinced Babangida of intense opposition to an economic recession. The primary exports were slaves, leather, gold, cloth, salt, kola nuts, and henna. The young Audu, who was an aspirant in last Friday's APC primary in Kogi State, described the primary as a highly compromised and fraudulent process characterized by unprecedented irregularities. In the precolonial period the country normally produced enough agricultural commodities to feed its population, and it even maintained a surplus for export. On 20 December 1997, the government arrested General Oladipo Diya, ten officers, and eight civilians on charges of coup plotting. History. Nok seated figure; 5th century BC 5th century AD; terracotta; 38cm (1ft. 3 in. The major cause of Borno's decline was a severe drought that struck the Sahel and savanna from in the middle of the 18th century. The period of British rule lasted until 1960 when an independence movement led to the country being granted independence. In the 15th century the region brought under central control is a mere seventy-miles across (people and places being harder to subdue in the tropical forest than on the savanna), though a century later Benin stretches from the Niger delta in the east to Lagos in the west. The new president faces the daunting task of rebuilding a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement. As a colony, it was initially divided into the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate. This is a figure that seems to be in the midst of a conversation. The Young Majors went into hiding. General Muhammadu Buhari was declared the winner of the 2015 presidential elections. On 29 May 2015, Buhari was sworn in as President of Nigeria, becoming the first opposition figure to win a presidential election since independence in 1960. [82] Decree No. History of Nigeria The Name: NIGERIA The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. [110], The Ibadan School dominated the academic study of Nigerian history until the 1970s. In 1914, the area was formally united as the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. Additional sanctions were imposed as a result of Nigeria's failure to gain full certification for its counter-narcotics efforts. [88], The U.S. analysts said that "Nigeria is still very much a tribal society" where local and tribal alliances count more than "national attachment. The Yoruba were organized in mostly patrilineal groups that occupied village communities and subsisted on agriculture. Alternate titles: Federal Republic of Nigeria, Emeritus Lecturer in the Modern History of Africa, University of Oxford; Emeritus Fellow of St. Antony's College, Oxford. However, on June 12, 2018, General Muhammadu Buhari, as president, announced a shift in this date from May 29 to June 12, as from the year 2019. The initiation rite of a new king shows that the ritual process of becoming Ezenri (Nri priest-king) follows closely the path traced by the hero in establishing the Nri kingdom. Nigeria. According to another legend, Eri was one of Gad's sons who traveled down to build modern-day Igboland, as described in the Bible's book of Genesis. The central region has hills and plateaus. The characteristic landforms of the plateaus are high plains with broad, shallow valleys dotted with numerous hills or isolated mountains, called inselbergs; the underlying rocks are crystalline, although sandstones appear in river areas. Archaeological findings in Ile-Ife prove to feature a high level of artistic skills in the 12th-14th century era. Author of. Katsina and Daura were the "Chiefs of the Market," as their geographical location accorded them direct access to the caravans coming across the desert from the north. In August 1983, Shagari and the NPN were returned to power in a landslide with a majority of seats in the National Assembly and control of 12 state governments. Nigeria is bordered to the north by Niger, to the east by Chad and Cameroon, to the south by the Gulf of Guinea of the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west by Benin. [93] Babangida (IBB) cited the misuse of power, violations of human rights by key officers of the SMC, and the government's failure to deal with the country's deepening economic crisis as justifications for the takeover. In the 1959 elections, the AG obtained 73 seats.[75]. [100], Two militants of an unknown faction shot and killed Ustaz Ja'afar Adam, a northern Muslim religious leader and Kano State official, along with one of his disciples in a mosque in Kano during dawn prayers on 13 April 2007. Obasanjo, a former general, was admired for his stand against the Abacha dictatorship, his record of returning the federal government to civilian rule in 1979, and his claim to represent all Nigerians regardless of religion. [105][106] However, his re-election bid in 2015 was truncated with the emergence of former military ruler General Muhammadu Buhari, mainly on his inability to quell the rising insecurity in the country. E. Elochukwu Uzukwu [48] Nigeria is a West African country occupying an area of 923,769 sq. Loose sandy soils consisting of wind-borne deposits and riverine sands are found in the northern regions, although, in areas where there is a marked dry season, a dense surface layer of laterite develops, making these soils difficult to cultivate. [8] From the 15th century, European slave traders arrived in the region to purchase enslaved Africans as part of the Atlantic slave trade, which started in the region of modern-day Nigeria; the first Nigerian port used by European slave traders was Badagry, a coastal harbour. [81] In the Northern Region, however, the Hausa and Fulani people demanded that the detainees be placed on trial for murder.[81]. Benin exercised considerable influence on the western Igbo, who adopted many of the political structures familiar to the Yoruba-Benin region, but Asaba and its immediate neighbours, such as Ibusa, Ogwashi-Ukwu, Okpanam, Issele-Azagba and Issele-Ukwu, were much closer to the Kingdom of Nri. The origin of Nigeria's educational policies dates back to the 1955 comprehensive education laws of the Western Nigeria, 1957 Universal Primary Education (UPE) of the Eastern region and the 1976 UPE national programme; the 2000 Universal Basic Education (UBE) is the baby programme which [78] Federal Government Prime Minister Balewa declared martial law in the Western Region and arrested Awolowo and other members of his faction charged them with treason. The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. Kingdoms west of the River Niger like Aboh (Abo), which was significantly populated by Igbos among other tribes, dominated trade along the lower River Niger area from the 17th century until European explorations into the Niger delta. Niger African nation, named for the river Niger, mentioned by that name 1520s (Leo Africanus), probably an alteration (by influence of Latin niger "black") of a local Tuareg name, egereou n-igereouen, from egereou "big river, sea" + n-igereouen, plural of that word. Concurrently the Saifawa Dynasty of Borno conquered Kanem and extended control west to Hausa cities not under Songhai authority. The party leadership under Awolowo disagreed and replaced Akintola as premier of the West with one of their own supporters. [61] The rules regarding these taboos were used to educate and govern Nri's subjects. Quiz, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Nigeria, Official Site of the Embassy of Nigeria in Seoul, South Korea, Official Site of the Embassy of Nigeria in Germany, Official Site of the Embassy of Nigeria in Vienna, National Geographic Kids - Countries - Nigeria, Official Site of the Embassy of Nigeria in Stockholm, Sweden, Nigeria - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Nigeria - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Nigerian airport workers go on strike; travelers stranded, At least 33 people killed by gunmen in northwest Nigeria, AP PHOTOS: Joyous Holy Week celebrations around the world, At least 10 students abducted by gunmen in northwest Nigeria, Correction: Police-Shooting-Michigan-Race story. In February 2010, Goodluck Jonathan began serving as acting president in the absence of Yaradua. Trade is the key to the emergence of organized communities in the sahelian portions of Nigeria. The history of Nigeria can be traced to the earliest inhabitants whose remains date from at least 13,000 BC through early civilizations such as the Nok culture which began around 1500 BC. The judiciary system continued to be hampered by corruption and lack of resources after Abacha's death. The school was characterised by its overt Nigerian nationalism and it was geared towards forging a Nigerian identity through publicizing the glories of pre-colonial history. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later married Baron Frederick Lugard, a British colonial administrator. Akintunde Akinleye/Reuters. [49] According to the Yoruba, Oduduwa is regarded as the ancestor of the Yoruba kings. It has been in an acute stage since last January when a military coup d'tat destroyed the constitutional regime bequeathed by the British and upset the underlying tribal and regional power relationships. As of January 2010, he was still abroad. As in most African art styles, the Nok style focuses mainly on people, rarely on animals. Breunig, Peter. The Federal government was given exclusive powers in defence, foreign relations, and commercial and fiscal policy. [86] The ensuing Nigerian Civil War resulted in an estimated 3.5 million deaths (mostly from starving children) before the war ended with Gowon's famous "No victor, no vanquished" speech in 1970. The Abiriba and Aro are Brothers whose migration is traced to the Ekpa Kingdom, East of Cross River, their exact take of location was at Ekpa (Mkpa) east of the Cross River. But Benin's fame is based on factors other than power. Following the breakup of Mali, a local leader named Sonni Ali (14641492) founded the Songhai Empire in the region of middle Niger and western Sudan and took control of the trans-Saharan trade. In a move towards greater autonomy to minority ethnic groups, the military divided the four regions into 12 states. [20], The Nok culture thrived from approximately 1,500 BC to about 200 AD on the Jos Plateau in north and central Nigeria and produced life-sized terracotta figures that include human heads, human figures, and animals. In 1994 the government set up the Ogoni Civil Disturbances Special Tribunal to try Ogoni activist Ken Saro-Wiwa and others for their alleged roles in the killings of four Ogoni politicians. After calling off a threatened strike in July the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) reconsidered a general strike in August after the government imposed conditions on Abiola's release. Nigeria as a nation has a rich and complex history which can be traced to when it first became a British protectorate in 1901. Omissions? The Soviet Union benefits from Nigerian appreciation of its help during the war, but is not trying for control. [96], Most civil society leaders and Nigerians witnessed marked improvements in human rights and freedom of the press under Obasanjo. The Umunoha state in the Owerri area used the Igwe ka Ala oracle at their advantage. The Yoruba are especially known for the Oyo Empire that dominated the region. By these same routes, Islam made its way south into West Africa after the 9th century.
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