Clln on the Fischerinsel is first mentioned in a 1237 document, and Berlin, across the Spree in what is now called the Nikolaiviertel, is referenced in a document from 1244. [69], In 1996, there was an unsuccessful attempt of unifying the states of Berlin and Brandenburg. The Bauhaus Archive is a museum of 20th-century design from the famous Bauhaus school. [42], Since 1618, the Margraviate of Brandenburg had been in personal union with the Duchy of Prussia. The West Berlin system in operation and open for public use until 1963, and for government use until 1972. What a time to be alive. Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media and science. Clubs are not required to close at a fixed time during the weekends, and many parties last well into the morning or even all weekend. Among famous streets, Unter den Linden and Friedrichstrae are found in the city's old city centre (and were included in the former East Berlin). [138] Within the Eurozone, Berlin has become a center for business relocation and international investments. It is the most visited zoo in Europe and presents the most diverse range of species in the world. [247] The city hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics and was the host city for the 2006 FIFA World Cup final. [230] Berlin is well known for its offerings of vegetarian[231] and vegan[232] cuisine and is home to an innovative entrepreneurial food scene promoting cosmopolitan flavors, local and sustainable ingredients, pop-up street food markets, supper clubs, as well as food festivals, such as Berlin Food Week. [44] Under the rule of Frederick II, Berlin became a center of the Enlightenment, but also, was briefly occupied during the Seven Years' War by the Russian army. [256] Berlin is the largest Olympic training center in Germany. Each borough is governed by a borough council (Bezirksamt) consisting of five councilors (Bezirksstadtrte) including the borough's mayor (Bezirksbrgermeister). Tresor Der Klang Der Familie - @resident_advisor. The Berlin airlift, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from June 1948 to May 1949. Tresor had previously closed in 2005 and reopened after relocation in 2007. [223] Berlin is also well known for the cultural festival Berliner Festspiele, which includes the jazz festival JazzFest Berlin, and Young Euro Classic, the largest international festival of youth orchestras in the world. Turkish, Arabic, Kurdish, and Serbo-Croatian are heard more often in the western part due to the large Middle Eastern and former-Yugoslavian communities. [158] Berlin is number 8 at the Global Power City Index. Berlin's built-up area creates a microclimate, with heat stored by the city's buildings and pavement. [31], In 1740, Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great (17401786), came to power. It is the largest remaining evidence of the city's historical division. Discussions about moving the remaining ministries and departments to Berlin continue. Berlin is subdivided into 12 boroughs or districts (Bezirke). 
[224][225] Every year Berlin hosts one of the largest New Year's Eve celebrations in the world, attended by well over a million people. Regional rail lines of the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg provide access to the surrounding regions of Brandenburg and to the Baltic Sea. [76][77] This type of climate features moderate summer temperatures but sometimes hot (for being semicontinental) and cold winters but not rigorous most of the time. The Allies dropped 67,607 tons of bombs on the city, destroying 6,427 acres of the built-up area. Invented in Berlin, currywurst is an icon of German popular culture and cuisine. Berlin is connected to the Elbe and Oder rivers via the Spree and the Havel rivers. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination. Berlin is the most populous city proper in the European Union. This was a successful attempt to centralise the capital in the very far-flung state, and it was the first time the city began to grow. [11] The city lies in the Central German dialect area, the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects. The Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin are the largest World Heritage Site in Germany. [26] Since the Ber- at the beginning sounds like the German word Br ("bear"), a bear appears in the coat of arms of the city. [155] The public broadcaster RBB has its headquarters in Berlin as well as the commercial broadcasters MTV Europe and Welt. [citation needed] Since 2011, a number of app based e-car and e-scooter sharing services have evolved. In 1971, a Four-Power agreement guaranteed access to and from West Berlin by car or train through East Germany.[58]. As of 2015[update] the five largest power plants measured by capacity are the Heizkraftwerk Reuter West, the Heizkraftwerk Lichterfelde, the Heizkraftwerk Mitte, the Heizkraftwerk Wilmersdorf, and the Heizkraftwerk Charlottenburg.
After the war, the repaired bridge served as a checkpoint and border crossing between the Soviet and American sectors, and later between East and West Berlin. The Volkspark in Friedrichshain, which opened in 1848, is the oldest park in the city, with monuments, a summer outdoor cinema and several sports areas. [136] Several major corporations like Volkswagen, Pfizer, and SAP operate innovation laboratories in the city. The focal point is the Brandenburg Gate, where midnight fireworks are centered, but various private fireworks displays take place throughout the entire city. 01280. The Berlin State Opera on Unter den Linden opened in 1742 and is the oldest of the three. [117] There are 36 Baptist congregations (within Union of Evangelical Free Church Congregations in Germany), 29 New Apostolic Churches, 15 United Methodist churches, eight Free Evangelical Congregations, four Churches of Christ, Scientist (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 11th), six congregations of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, an Old Catholic church, and an Anglican church in Berlin. The Berlin Hauptbahnhof is the largest grade-separated railway station in Europe. The Science and Business Park in Adlershof is the largest technology park in Germany measured by revenue.
[227] Simon Rattle was its principal conductor from 1999 to 2018, a position now held by Kirill Petrenko. In 2015, the total labor force in Berlin was 1.85million. Since 1987, Berlin also has an official partnership with Paris, France. The Gemldegalerie (Painting Gallery) focuses on the paintings of the "old masters" from the 13th to the 18th centuries, while the Neue Nationalgalerie (New National Gallery, built by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe) specializes in 20th-century European painting. One of Europe's largest delicatessen markets is found at the KaDeWe, and among the world's largest chocolate stores is Fassbender & Rausch.[237]. [19][20] Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. Polish, English, Russian, and Vietnamese have more native speakers in East Berlin. There are seven symphony orchestras in Berlin. Each borough has several subdistricts or neighborhoods (Ortsteile), which have roots in much older municipalities that predate the formation of Greater Berlin on 1 October 1920. [25] Other landmarks include the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag building, Potsdamer Platz, the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, the Berlin Wall Memorial, the East Side Gallery, the Berlin Victory Column, Berlin Cathedral and the Berlin Television Tower, the tallest structure in Germany. Same-sex bars and dance halls operated freely as early as the 1880s, and the first gay magazine, Der Eigene, started in 1896. [81] Snowfall mainly occurs from December through March. The Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church has eight parishes of different sizes in Berlin. The most commonly spoken foreign languages in Berlin are Turkish, Polish, English, Persian, Arabic, Italian, Bulgarian, Russian, Romanian, Kurdish, Serbo-Croatian, French, Spanish and Vietnamese. Verlag CH Beck, 2010. For example, the borough of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg has a partnership with the Israeli city of Kiryat Yam. [104] Berlin in 2009 was estimated to have 100,000 to 250,000 unregistered inhabitants. [253] A Fan Fest at Brandenburg Gate, which attracts several hundred-thousand spectators, has become popular during international football competitions, like the UEFA European Championship.
[211] It has become a significant part of the city's cultural heritage and has its roots in the graffiti scene of Kreuzberg of the 1980s. There are the Freie Universitt Berlin (Free University of Berlin, FU Berlin) with about 33,000[190] students, the Humboldt Universitt zu Berlin (HU Berlin) with 35,000[191] students, and the Technische Universitt Berlin (TU Berlin) with 35,000[192] students. [25] As early as 1841 it was designated a "district dedicated to art and antiquities" by a royal decree. The Komische Oper has traditionally specialized in operettas and is also at Unter den Linden. [182] The FU, the HU, the TU, and the Charit make up the Berlin University Alliance, which has received funding from the Excellence Strategy program of the German government. Berlinerisch or Berlinisch is not a dialect linguistically. The Brcke Museum features one of the largest collection of works by artist of the early 20th-century expressionist movement. Active immigration and asylum politics in West Berlin triggered waves of immigration in the 1960s and 1970s. More than 337,000 families with children under the age of 18 lived in Berlin. The nearby New Synagogue is the center of Jewish culture. The Greater Berlin Act in 1920 incorporated many suburbs and surrounding cities of Berlin. [110] About 2.7% of the population identify with other Christian denominations (mostly Eastern Orthodox, but also various Protestants). In 2014 the German capital registered a migration surplus of approximately 40,000 people.[98]. This system transmits compressed digital audio, digital video and other data in an MPEG transport stream. [174] Tegel Airport was a focus city for Lufthansa and Eurowings while Schnefeld served as an important destination for airlines like Germania, easyJet and Ryanair. The neighborhood of Moabit bears a French-derived name, and Franzsisch Buchholz is named after the Huguenots. Prefixes for vehicle registration were introduced in 1906, but often changed due to the political changes after 1945. Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. The SOUND and the Dschungel gained notoriety. Today, the East Side Gallery preserves a large portion of the wall. [3] The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions. The Schaubhne was founded in 1962 and moved to the building of the former Universum Cinema on Kurfrstendamm in 1981. St. Hedwig's Cathedral is Berlin's Roman Catholic cathedral. With an area of 43 hectares (110 acres) and around 22,000 different plant species, it is one of the largest and most diverse collections of botanical life in the world. In 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. [175] It is estimated Berlin has 710 bicycles per 1000 residents. Winters are cool with average high temperatures of 3C (37F) and lows of 2 to 0C (28 to 32F). Generating a revenue of 15.6billion Euro and 6% of all private economic sales, the culture industry grew from 2009 to 2014 at an average rate of 5.5% per year.[153]. Additional suburbs soon developed and increased the area and population of Berlin.
[201] An innovative music, dance and art scene has developed in the 21st century. In 1709, Berlin merged with the four cities of Clln, Friedrichswerder, Friedrichstadt and Dorotheenstadt under the name Berlin, "Haupt- und Residenzstadt Berlin". From 1470, with the new elector Albrecht III Achilles, Berlin-Clln became the new royal residence. [254], In 2013 around 600,000 Berliners were registered in one of the more than 2,300 sport and fitness clubs. During the Weimar era, Berlin underwent political unrest due to economic uncertainties but also became a renowned center of the Roaring Twenties. Of Berlin's twelve boroughs, five bear a (partly) Slavic-derived name: Pankow (the most populous), Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Marzahn-Hellersdorf, Treptow-Kpenick and Spandau (named Spandow until 1878). 
Berlin is the central location to several international and regional television and radio stations. [47], The Industrial Revolution transformed Berlin during the 19th century; the city's economy and population expanded dramatically, and it became the main railway hub and economic center of Germany. [183] Deutsche Bahn is planning to introduce Wi-Fi services in long-distance and regional trains in 2017. A well-preserved specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex and the early bird Archaeopteryx are at display as well. The largest religious denomination recorded in 2010 was the Protestant regional church bodythe Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO)a united church. Several venues have become a popular stage for the Neo-Burlesque scene. [29] The central part of Berlin can be traced back to two towns. The neighborhoods have no local government bodies. [99] The last decade experienced an influx from various Western countries and some African regions.
Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. The President of Germany, whose functions are mainly ceremonial under the German constitution, has their official residence in Bellevue Palace. Berlin and the surrounding state of Brandenburg are the warmest and driest regions in Germany. Some of the major streets in City West are Kurfrstendamm (or just Kudamm) and Kantstrae. [citation needed] In 2012, around 7,600 mostly beige colored taxicabs were in service. Potsdamer Platz is an entire quarter built from scratch after the Wall came down. Berlin has a long history of gay culture, and is an important birthplace of the LGBT rights movement. [21] Significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction and electronics. So far, and according to the perfume firm, only the 300 first buyers of the book will get the fragrance. The city was a residence of the Prussian kings and the German Kaiser, until 1918. The Charit Medical School has around 8,000 students. [177] Riders are allowed to carry their bicycles on Regionalbahn, S-Bahn and U-Bahn trains, on trams, and on night buses if a bike ticket is purchased.[178]. [79], Summers are warm and sometimes humid with average high temperatures of 2225C (7277F) and lows of 1214C (5457F). Its musical director is Daniel Barenboim. Berlin in the 1920s was the third-largest municipality in the world. Berlin has three major opera houses: the Deutsche Oper, the Berlin State Opera, and the Komische Oper. German is the official and predominant spoken language in Berlin. Berlin is home to many magazine, newspaper, book, and scientific/academic publishers and their associated service industries. Copyright 2021 EDMTunes, LLC. This is why most of the cities and villages in northeastern Germany bear Slavic-derived names (Germania Slavica). Berlin has five of the top 50 tallest buildings in Germany. It is spoken in Berlin and the surrounding metropolitan area.
The Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute develops mobile and stationary broadband communication networks and multimedia systems. [62][63], Berlin Brandenburg Airport (BER) opened in 2020, nine years later than planned, with Terminal 1 coming into service at the end of October, and flights to and from Tegel Airport ending in November. Zoologischer Garten Berlin, the older of two zoos in the city, was founded in 1844. Each of which publishes books, periodicals, and multimedia products. Many Classical buildings line the street, and part of Humboldt University is there. Located in Mitte, KW Institute for Contemporary Art, KOW, Sprth Magers; Kreuzberg there are a few galleries as well such as Blain Southern, Esther Schipper, Future Gallery, Knig Gallerie. There are no frequent passenger connections to and from Berlin by water, but some of the freight is transported via waterways. [235][236] German bakeries offering a variety of breads and pastries are widespread.
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