Some manufacturers consider a landscape up to 8 inches deep to be extensive systems. A separate filter fabric must be added for: 1) Moisture Retention / Drainage Composites that do not include a topside filter fabric, or 2) aggregate drainage layers, or 3) Moisture Retention / Drainage Composites that are designed to be in-filled with drainage aggregate. Over all, the natural vegetation dynamic creates biodiversity and makes extensive Green Roofs more resilient to Climate Change. FLL also certifies laboratories to conduct critical tests such as the root penetration resistance of waterproofing membranes. In certain conditions such as when vapor drive is to the interior or when a concrete deck has been given a smooth finish, the results of the ASTM D4263 test procedure may not result in condensation being visible on the underside of the plastic sheet even though the concrete slab may be relatively wet. If a vapor retarder is part of the roof system, it may limit the effective use of low voltage testing. Each layer of a ZinCo green roof build-up is conceived to take over the relevant functions of the missing ground. Forty years of apparently good experience with vegetative roofs in Germany suggests that they may have value in protecting waterproofing materials.
temperate climate zones with Gulf Stream influence, like northern Europe. Given the paucity of reliable data, some designers may wish to also make this assumption based on criticality of performance, expected maintenance and other criteria. The latter can sometimes even locate leaks underneath overburden that is not too deep.
Vegetative roofs may provide significant cooling savings in the summer and some heating savings in the winter. 3 inches of lightweight green roof media, unirrigated. On the other hand, the additional cost, possible water usage to irrigate the plants, and required ongoing maintenance may make them less appropriate. In cold climates the media should also be resistant to breakdown from freeze/thaw. However, elements such as roof drains may need to be inspected and tested separately because they must be isolated from the electric leak detection process. Vegetative roofs are potential energy savers, but the degree to which they do so is unclear at this time. Leak detection should always be performed prior to the installation of protection boards and non-conductive root barriers to allow more precise location of leaks. al., 2008, Urban Ecosystems Vol. They cope with the conditions on the roof (sun, wind, drought, etc.) As roof pitch increases above 4:12, a higher level of intervention is required to transfer the weight of the vegetative roof system to the structural framing system for the building. It is recommended to at least follow RP-14, even if not required by code, to establish a minimum level of performance. The primary function is to keep fines from the growing media out of the drainage layer below. 11, No. The large foliar surface of Green Roofs and the deceleration of the air flow that they help to create means that landscaped roofs filter between 10 and 20 % of the dust from the air. The minimum slope required by the International Building Code is 1/4 inch per foot. It should have a compressive strength suitable to carry the loads above (minimum 20,000 psf). Figure 2 shows a generic cut-away of a common type of vegetative roof assembly that utilizes a lower granular drainage layer in combination with an upper growth medium or substrate. Retains rainwater for dry periods and drains surplus water. An Extensive Green Roof represents a natural form of vegetation that is largely self-sustaining and evolving. Because of the shallow profile, extensive Green Roofs also add less weight to a structure than deeper system.
Our highly sophisticated green roofing system with Georaster elements even enables the installation on steep pitched roofs up to 35. Roofing by Sika Sarnafil. Provide easily accessible inspection chambers in drainage outlets to ensure that the drainage system can be cleaned of roots, displaced growth media and ballast, dead foliage, and other debris, and otherwise be maintained. This mat should be of an interwoven type, rather than dimpled or high-hat, to limit the loss of R-value due to the presence of the mat. Thank you for visiting our website from all over the world! Vegetative roofs will attract wildlife. as well as the workmanship of the installation subcontractors. FM Global is approving vegetative roofs for fire resistance (mostly sedums), but not for wind uplift as of this writing. Origination of the soil medium is very important, to understand the potential risks of transporting destructive or non-native pests to a vegetative roof environment (example: engineered soils may originate in the Southern U.S. Consider adding a drainage mat directly above the root barrier, to promote removal of water above the membrane. Copper hydroxide root barriers are banned in several European countries and Canada. flashings and penetrations) may become the most important factor in determining the longevity of an installation. A vegetative roof can allow a structure to merge with the surrounding landscape, provide a dramatic accent, or reinforce the defining aspects of the structure's geometry. System Depth: 4 inchesPhoto courtesy of Richard Keleher Architect. Limit public access volume and accessible areas. They can be designed to achieve specified levels of storm water runoff control, including reductions in both total annual runoff volume and peak runoff rates for storms. Covering dark conventional roofs with vegetative roofs can significantly reduce the temperature above the roof. Due diligence is highly recommended. But the research to date is not clear on the subject of the quantification of savings in real-world applications. In most climates, a properly designed 3inch deep vegetative roof cover will provide a durable, low maintenance system that can realize the many benefits that vegetative roofs have to offer. Care must be taken not to damage the membrane due to the high voltage. Our top quality roof garden system offers high water storage and allows for a variety of design concepts including walkways, water features, patios or play areas. In commercial settings, job satisfaction and effectiveness can be enhanced by providing window views of meadows or flower beds or relaxing garden areas for breaks or meetings. German universities with significant on-going research in the science and engineering of vegetated roofs include (note that all websites are in German): Vegetated roof covers may now be purchased in conjunction with most conventional waterproofing systems, some of which have been tested by FLL for compatibility with vegetated roofs. Figure 5. Chambers with removable lids are recommended for use at all drains and scuppers.
Plant species migrate or new plants species settle. Modular systems involve installing the vegetative roof system inside plastic trays. In addition, ASTM International (ASTM), through the Green Roof Task Group E06.71, is in the process of developing guidelines and testing procedures specifically for vegetative roof products. may also be employed. Accessible roof areas must include additional "live loads" in the structural analysis of the building. They are lightweight and have a shallow build-up height. They also preserve flexibility to re-arrange landscape designs in the future. Encourages wildlife to remain within build-up areas. al., 2004; DeNardo et. The mono clay material Zincoblend M and humus are the basis for the production of ZinCo rooftop garden system soils. A flowing water test is conducted by applying a continuous flow of water across the entire membrane without plugging drains for a period of 2448 hours. There are substantial differences between the actual products and installation and climate and very different performance results. Insects, spiders, snails, birds, and rodents (rats, mice, squirrels) all promote damage to the soil, plants, and roof materials, as well as create potential safety issues to maintenance personnel. The ultimate storm runoff benefit that can be achieved by a vegetative roof cover is determined primarily by the climate patterns at the site and the design of the system (thickness, media type, and drainage layer construction). Unless specifically designed to generate surface runoff, vegetative roof systems should not experience ponding or surface flow when subjected to rainfall events that would be normal for a typical year. If the project does not require compliance with FM Loss Prevention Data Sheets, then going less than that noted in Data Sheet 1-35 should be backed up by calculations. Even though this climatic region is characterized by a long rainy season where soils and media are frequently saturated, storm water control capacity was demonstrated for the large storms that can cause urban flooding and sewer overflows. It is prudent to include netting, or a wind blanket, at least until the plants have established themselves. If there are laps they should be thermally fused. Stone ballast or pavers are also used around roof access and rooftop equipment. rain gardens, bio-swales, etc., it will almost always be more economical than a vegetative roof. ZinCo provide a well-engineered stormwater management roof system, designed to detain stormwater and release it in a pre-defined period. This is typically a modified bitumen (MB) base ply approximately 80 mils thick with a sanded surface. Other methods such as adhered or fastened edging, composite nailers, "stepped" EPS, etc. As noted in ASTM D8014 Standard Guide for Selection of Membranes Used in Vegetative Roofing Systems, "exposed surfaces of the roofing/waterproofing membrane system (e.g. Low and high voltage leak detection methods are available. Figure 2. Because the few North American roofs that have been built to date demonstrate such a wide variety of settings and approaches, it is impossible to highlight "representative" case studies here. al., 2009, Environment Science & Technology Vol. For more information on leak detection systems, refer to the WBDG Resource Page on Membrane Integrity Testing. The 2008 edition of the guide is available in English. Once plant material is gone and bare media is exposed, perhaps due to drought or lack of maintenance, there is an immediate threat that the soil may begin to blow away and the entire roof can 'unravel.' Size, slope, height, and directional orientation of the roof. The primary function of these composites is to retain and store water for future evapo-transpiration for the plants. Note that as of this writing a conventional configuration is required by some insurance underwriters. In every project case, both from the client's expectation, regional location and site-specific issues should be considered when talking about irrigation and it potential implementation. Sedum is particularly well adapted for establishment using mats. Green roofs save energy compared to uninsulated roofs or poorly insulated roofs or even better, black poorly insulated roofs. A minimum initial planting density, in most cases, will be two plugs per square foot. Should you have any questions or comments on the WBDG, please feel free to contact our team at [emailprotected]. For both the PMR configuration and the conventional roof configuration, providing at least a minimum code compliant slope to drain, typically 1/4 inch per foot (2%), is always recommended. Because of the relative isolation of vegetative roofs and their often exposed environments, these roofs should not be looked to as a replacement for lost native habitat. In many cases, the joints between substrate boards will need to be pre-detailed with rubberized asphalt membrane and appropriate reinforcing prior to the full membrane application). The roofing industry is looking into this. They are lightweight and have a shallow build-up height. Be sure that the membrane is the EXACT same in every way to the physical characteristics and manufacturing as in the European precedent. Some items to consider regarding warranties on a project-by-project basis: Are all features regarding the vegetative roof system, from waterproofing membrane to growth medium, being provided by a single-source manufacturer and installed by one contractor? Enjoy fresh vegetables and fruits from your roof! ZinCo provide well-engineered systems and accessories for all kinds of use. Similarly, the physical properties and performance characteristics of growing media (engineered soils) and plant materials may vary with the climate, plant community, or engineering requirements.
Many Western U.S. states have water rights laws that restrict how rainwater landing on a property may be used, as it is considered to be a water-of-the-state. Are plants covered by the warranty? Review project requirements for solar reflectance from adjacent buildings, mechanical equipment, photovoltaic panels, etc., that may reflect sunlight onto the vegetative roof.
Vegetative roofs may offer the only practical "at-source" technique for controlling runoff in areas that do not have adequate space on the ground to readily accommodate other methods of water retention. The International Code Council (ICC) code, used for guidance by many municipal authorities and referenced by many state codes, recognizes roof gardens and landscaped roofs. Non-woven filter fabrics should not be used where the growing media has a high clay content, as the non-woven material can get clogged, thus impeding water flow. Reliable techniques for predicting the rate and quantity of runoff from vegetative roof covers have been used successfully to design integrated storm water management measures in Germany, where large zero-discharge developments that rely heavily on vegetative roofs are already operating. Many jurisdictions (i.e. It is common practice in the production of pre-vegetative mats to mix fast covering varieties with smaller quantities of slower growing, but more rugged, varieties. Many premium roofing and waterproofing materials have been used in combination with vegetative roof installations. The wind and fire resistance standards are still under development by the vegetative roof industry and codes/standards organizations. Roots should be dense and extend the full depth of the plug. Pre-grown mats can be installed in association with any vegetative roof assembly type. When using the direct seeding method, it is very important to provide a surface protective layer that will reduce desiccation and protect the media and young plants from wind scour. The comparison to be made is whether adding more insulation would be a more cost-effective solution. Spray irrigation should be avoided, except as a temporary means of irrigation during establishment or during emergency drought conditions. Conventional (non PMR) configurations are sometimes employed with the insulation below the membrane. 3646 Roland Avenue To provide a vigorous multi-seasonal ground cover and to minimize problems associated with disease, insects, or climatic stresses, it is best to avoid large drifts of a single species. ICC also provides standards for parapet heights and requirements for railings. Consideration of appropriate design loads is the responsibility of the project engineer and should be addressed before the vegetative roof system is designed.". Water retained by a vegetative roof cover is ultimately returned to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration processes. Vegetative roofs, also known as green roofs, are thin layers of living vegetation installed on top of conventional flat or sloping roofs. See ASTM D 5957 for guidance. Wet soil conducts more heat.
The easiest leaks to find are when a membrane is fully bonded to a concrete substrate, as it is nearly impossible for the leak to travel horizontally under the membrane. Vegetative roofs can absorb a portion of the sound that otherwise bounces off hard roofing surfaces. When the grass goes brown, forget about any energy benefit; also, be very worried about fire. Use only extruded polystyrene insulation because it does not absorb water, especially if (when) the insulation is located above the waterproofing membrane as is recommended above. In the United States, vegetative roof designs are generally regulated using existing standards for ballasted roofs. do not use asphaltic board with PVC membranes).
Biodiverse green roofs reproduce natural habitats and attract flora and fauna into the area, e.g. Carbon Sequestration Potential of Extensive Green Roofs, Getter et. Standard landscaping work considers plant hardiness; tolerance for sun and shade; and preference for wet, dry, rich, poor, alkaline, or acid soils as the major concerns to influence plant selection. Suitable plants include various Sedum species, herbs and some grasses. With respect to the vegetative overburden, this guide addresses only the more shallow extensive vegetative roofs. If the various manufacturers and/or contractors are involved, it is important to clearly define the extent of each warranty and what those warranties cover. Suitable plants include various Sedum species, herbs and some grasses. Reflected sunlight may burn localized areas. That being said, it is essential to provide hose bibs where an irrigation system has not been used in case irrigation should become necessary. Native fire ant eggs, larvae, or adults may be transported to other locations where they are not native, but always considered a safety risk and a nuisance.). These standards and guidelines include industry standard tests for growing medium weight, moisture, nutrient content, grain-size distribution, etc. Plugs should be propagated in sterile nursery medium, according to the plant provider's recommendations.
(FLL) in Germany Guideline for the Planning, Execution and Upkeep of Green-Roof Sites (Richlinien fr die Planung, Ausfhrung and Plege von Dachbegrnung). "Conference proceedings from Green Roofs for Healthy CitiesGreening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities," (annual conference and trade show 20042009), covering a wide range of research and case studies. Learn more about how to foster the biotope function of greened roof areas, thus providing habitat for flora and fauna. As noted in ASTM D8014 Standard Guide for Selection of Membranes Used in Vegetative Roofing Systems, "The introduction of a vegetative roof system to a new or existing structure has an effect on both the live and dead loads. In contrast, some municipalities such as Chicago have taken the approach of mandating vegetative roofs on new building projects because of the host of benefits it brings to built-out urban areas. Existing roof substrates must be inspected for leaks. Trade organizations such as National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA) are developing guidelines for waterproofing with vegetative roof installations in mind. Verify the integrity of the waterproofing membrane prior to installing the overburden. The mats incorporate a fiber, fabric or mesh reinforcing layer which prevents them from disintegrating during shipping and handling. Vegetative roofs are divided into two categories: 1) extensive vegetative roofs, which are 6 inches or shallower and are frequently designed to satisfy specific engineering and performance goals, and 2) intensive vegetative roofs, which may become quite deep and merge into more familiar on-structure plaza landscapes with promenades, lawn, large perennial plants, and trees. Because of the transient water retention capacity of vegetative roof systems, the live loads may increase as well. A properly adjusted irrigation system (by experienced installers) will almost always be more efficient than hand watering technique, if hand water is ever done. Even in arid climates, the demand for irrigation water can be greatly reduced by introducing water at the bottom of the vegetative roof profile. Pitched roof systems sometimes merge into vertical facade vegetative techniques. Sustainable pest management practices shall be employed before consideration of pesticides. It is recommended that a root barrier protect all membranes. These include Allium, Chrysanthemum, Talinum, Dianthus, Achillea, and Phlox, as well as many grass varieties. Typically, the system depth for an extensive Green Roofs rages from 4 to 6 inches (10 cm to 15 cm). Hence, they do not allow an extensive vegetative roof in this configuration, because an extensive vegetative roof is less than 6 inches thick, by definition. If it is rainfall and not from a city's potable water, then there is a benefit. A third choice would be cold liquid-applied polyurethanes. Also, the MIT Design Advisor studies show extensive vegetative roofs to be better in every climate, in comparison to cool (low albedo) roofs. In addition, the design should use a safety factor of 1.7 for wind uplift calculations based on Data Sheet 1-28. The organic matter content should be based on the manufacturer's recommendations for the climate conditions, plantings and specific application. Innovative Solutions for the Built Environment There are several waterproofing manufacturers that will warrant the entire vegetative roof system, including removal and restoration of the overburden, if they provide all of the materials in the original construction. The total thickness of the profile should not exceed the natural root depth of the plants selected for the plant community. Engineered growing medium based on minerals and organic material. Long-term green roof success will be ensured by using specific underfloor irrigation. Furthermore, air conditioning systems have a much greater effect due to the reduced heating. Installed over Sarnafil PVC membrane. The green roofing system Ornamental Sedum leads to an extensive green roof with sophisticated design and individual character. A capillary break layer is necessary on many if not most membranes to prevent water from sitting on the membrane and causing deterioration. Climate, especially temperature and rainfall patterns. (See the referenced Columbia University Study.). This program has demonstrated that extensive vegetative roofs can achieve large reductions in nutrient releases from roofs; however, the research also shows that the correct choices of growing medium and plant types are essential for success. How can runoff volume be reduced? Odor management during installation should be a consideration in the use of this system. Construction oversight must find constructed leaks. Cables or tendons (in tension) within the matrix transfer the pull of gravity on the system upward to the ridge of the roof, where it can be physically tied to the structural frame for the buildings. The safest route is to locate the insulation above the waterproofing membrane in a protected roof membrane (PRM) or "IRMA" configuration, thereby avoiding the issues related to double vapor barriers. In these developments, rainfall is captured on the vegetative roofs, returned to ground water through infiltration, and re-used for irrigation, toilet flushing, etc. Protection of underlying waterproofing systems: Vegetative roof assemblies must protect the underlying waterproofing system from human activities (including the impact of maintenance) and biological attack, and solar degradation. 
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