2012). This cannot be explained and further experimentation is required as mentioned before. The concentrations of fluensulfone that had acute effects on both G. pallida and C. elegans behaviour were still ?50-fold greater than those reported to have nematicidal activity against PPN species. They were carefully washed free of soil, and galling index was assessed according to a 110 scale (Bridge & Page, 1980). You can change the cookie settings in your browser. It has 11 to 12 days half-life in the soil which is desirable from an environmental point of view since there are fewer chances to pollute groundwater (Oka, Shuker, & Tkachi, 2009). A reverse genetic approach did not identify any probable targets but did indicate that fluensulfone has a novel mechanism of action relative to established anticholinesterase and macrocyclic lactone nematicides. Surprisingly no differences were revealed in the numbers of dead tomato plants as occurred with the cucumber plants, although cucumber plants in field level seem to be more sensitive after pesticide application. on the University of Southampton website. 
The chemical industry keeps testing new molecules in the search for new effective nematicides. The use of fluensulfone reduced root-galling in lettuce by reducing juveniles root penetration ability (Oka et al. In both experiments (either tomato or cucumber) significantly (P < 0.001) higher Pf/Pi ratio was recorded in the plot treated with fluensulfone at 12 ml 100 m1 comparing to all the other chemical treatments (Tables 1 & 2). Fluensulfone has shown an important phytotoxicity when applied in the soil if seedlings are transplanted earlier than a 7-day interval. Experimental plots were established within a greenhouse which had been naturally infested with Meloidogyne sp. Phytotoxicity on cultivated crops after the use of 1,3-Dichloropropene and Chloropicrin has been reported by Desaeger and Csinos. Jones et al. University of Southampton, Biological Sciences, Doctoral Thesis, 360pp. Studies with a 5-HT receptor antagonist on G. pallida and C. elegans indicated that fluensulfone interacts with 5-HT signalling to stimulate stylet and pharyngeal activity. In squash, the control treatment gave a significantly greater root growth than the 1.5 ppm treatment of fluensulfone. If the error persists, contact the administrator by writing to support@infona.pl. Fluensulfone 480 g liter 1 EC was applied in tomato cultivation at five different rates: 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 ml 100 m1 seven days prior to transplanting. Also, a recent example of a new synthetic nematicide is fluensulfone which is the only member of this chemical group released onto the market as a nematicide. 1: all fluensulfone doses are referred to ml per 100 walking meters except oxamyl which is referred to liters per hectare, 2: 7 days before transplanting, 3: 15 days after transplanting. communication) and is registered so far for use in tomato, cucumber and other vegetable crops in Latin America under the commercial name of Nimitz. Application of fluensulfone as a foliar spray to peppers prior to Meloidogyne incognita inoculation reduced the galling index by 80% and the number of eggs by 73% to 82% compared to the control.
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More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. from the publisher's website. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology In cucumber cultivation fluensulfone 480 g liter 1 EC was applied at seven different rates: 12, 24, 36, and 48 ml 100 m1 as single application 7 days prior to transplanting and 24 and 36 ml, 7 days prior to transplanting plus 18 ml 100 m1 15 days after transplanting. As shown in Figure 1, the decrease in germination was evident from 0.625 to 20 ppm (P< 0.05) of fluensulfone for eggplant, from 2.5 to 40 ppm (P< 0.05) for pepper and from 10 to 80 ppm (P< 0.05) for tomato seeds, respectively. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. This Pf/Pi ratio was similar (P < 0.05) to that given in plots treated with fluensulfone at 48, 24 + 18, and 24 ml 100 m1. We use cookies to improve your website experience. Nile Red staining indicated that lipid consumption is reduced in the presence of fluensulfone. Please, try again. Each treatment was replicated five times in both experiments. These data indicate fluensulfones mode of action is distinct from currently available nematicides and it therefore presents a promising new chemical entity for crop protection. However, this conclusion can be used only ad hoc since different plant species show different emergence and rate of development in the presence of fluensulfone. The results presented in this study are in agreement with those reported by previous researchers showing the high level of efficacy of fluensulfone against root-knot nematodes in tomato and cucumber (Morris et al., 2016), pepper (Oka et al. Fluensulfone has pleiotropic actions on C. elegans behaviour. Root galling was significantly different (P < 0.001) between control and fluensulfone treatments until the end of the cropping season. Before applying any chemical, all plots were irrigated (40 l m2). C. elegans thus provides a tractable experimental paradigm to analyse the effects of fluensulfone on nematode behaviour. In the present study, the efficacy of fluensulfone against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.) C. elegans thus provides a tractable experimental paradigm to analyse the effects of fluensulfone on nematode behaviour. Csinos, Whitehead, Hickman, and LaHue (2010) reported similar or better results than aldicarb using fluensulfone to control Meloidogyne arenaria on flue-cured tobacco. In the case of feeding and locomotion, an early excitation precedes the gross inhibition. However, in tomato cultivation, doses higher than 36 ml 100 m1 have shown a high number of dead plants a fact which was not recorded in cucumber cultivation. When plots were treated with 36 or 72 100 m1 then there was a 4 or 7-fold increase in the number of dead tomato plants compared to the control plots. > It was also reported that fluensulfones movement is affected by clay and soil organic matter content while nematicidal activity is reduced by peat addition (Oka et al. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Fluensulfone was found to have nematicidal activity against C. elegans but at concentrations ?100-fold greater than those reported to be effective against the PPN Meloidogyne javanica. The mode of action of this molecule was found to be noticeably different from that of organophosphates and carbamates (Opperman & Chang, 1990) in a study using Caenorhabditis elegans (Kearn, Ludlow, Dillon, OConnor, & Holden-Dye, 2014). All plants were rearranged every 3 days to avoid any effect of light conditions to plant height. 44-57, Nematode By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. It has to be explained the fact that the phytotoxicity was evident only in tomato plants and not in cucumber. Accepted author version posted online: 18 Jul 2019. Either nematode-susceptible tomato (cv Belladona) or cucumber (cv Palmera) plants were transplanted in four leaves stage.
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Seeds of vegetables were surface-sterilized with 10% (V/V) sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 min followed by a thorough washing in distilled water. The tomato experiment consisted of six treatments and one untreated control while the cucumber experiment consisted of seven treatments plus the untreated control. No field of science has been suggested yet.
Effect of different doses of fluensulfone on the numbers of second-stage juveniles per 100 g of soil, root galling, nematodes per gram of root, numbers of dead plants, stem diameter, and total yield in cucumber plants cultivated in greenhouse, Table 2. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: The use of fluensulfone for the control of root-knot nematodes in greenhouse cultivated crops: Efficacy and phytotoxicity effects, Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Science of Crop Production, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Estimation of root-knot nematode infestation levels on roots using a rating chart, An improved technique for clearing and staining plant tissues for detection of nematodes, Effect of fluensulfone on the mobility in vitro, and reproduction and root galling of, Effects of fluensulfone combined with soil fumigation on root-knot nematodes and fruit yield of drip- irrigated fresh-market tomatoes, Evaluation of fluensylfone for root knot nematode on tobacco, Plant-parasitic nematode management via biofumigation using brassica and non-brassica plants: Current status and future prospects, Evaluation of chemical strategies as alternatives to methyl bromide for the control of root-knot nematodes in greenhouse cultivated crops, Evaluation of chemical and integrated strategies as alternatives to methyl bromide for the control of root-knot nematodes in Greece, Chemical alternatives of methyl-bromide for the control of root-knot nematodes in greenhouses, Evaluation of nematicides for southern root-knot nematode management in lima beans, Fluensulfone nematicide with a mode of action distinct from anticholisterases and macrocyclic lactones, Efficacy of various application methods of fluensulfone for managing root-knot nematodes in vegetables, Efficacy of fluensulfone in a tomato-cucumber double cropping system, Field evaluation of the nematicide fluensulfone for control of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallid, Persistence of the nematicide fluensulfone in potato (, Nematicidal activity of fluensulfone against some migratory nematodes under laboratory conditions, Nematicidal efficacy of MCW-2, a new nematicide of the fluoroalkenyl group, against the root-knot nematode, Systemic nematicidal activity of fluensulfone against the root-knot nematode, Plant-parasitic nematode acetylcholinesterase inhibition by carbamate and organophosphate nematicides, Effects of the nematicide imicyafos on soil nematode community structure and damage to radish caused by, Single and joint toxicity of chlorimuron-ethyl, cadmium, and copper acting on wheat, MCW-2 for management of root-knot nematode on annual crops. 3099067 These data indicate fluensulfones mode of action is distinct from currently available nematicides and it therefore presents a promising new chemical entity for crop protection. Electrophysiological analysis found that fluensulfone has complex effects on the C. elegans pharyngeal system with lower concentrations exciting pharyngeal activity and higher concentrations inhibiting.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. There was a significant difference between the control and the fluensulfone treatments in the three solanaceous species (P < 0.001).
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To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Based on our experience working on a field level, this is not easily explained since cucumber seems to be more sensitive to the use of pesticides compared to tomato.
Plant parasitic nematodes infest crops and present a threat to food security worldwide. The percentage of germinated seeds was estimated and also root length was recorded. Whilst the dose required is higher than that which has nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne spp.
Also, due to preliminary field observations, a series of laboratory experiments were established to evaluate the action of fluensulfone on seeds germination, root growth and plant development of three either solanaceous (tomato, pepper, and eggplant) or cucurbitaceous (cucumber, squash and melon) plants. Here, we show that the model genetic organism Caenorhabditis elegans is susceptible to the irreversible nematicidal effects of fluensulfone. Although in tomato trials there is no clear difference amongst the different chemical treatments, there is a significant difference at the end of the cropping season for the total yield. All chemical treatments significantly reduced the numbers of nematodes per gram of root compared to the control, showing significantly similar results between each other. According to the label, the highest recommended concentration of fluensulfone for drip irrigation in 60 cm band is 48 ml of formulated product per 100 m. Assuming that the chemical is evenly distributed into 15 cm depth then the above amount of chemical represents a realistic pesticide concentration of 10 ppm in the soil solution assuming that (1) no adsorption of the pesticide to the soil colloids occurs, (2) the moisture content of the soil is at water-holding capacity, which for a sandy loam soil ranges between 15% and 24% (20% was assumed) and (3) pesticide residues are delivered within the top 15 cm of the surface soil.
Each treatment was replicated five times while the experiment was conducted twice and the data were combined since the variances between the experiments were similar. Submitting the report failed. However, many plants were dead within the first week after transplanting accompanying with plant development retard. Specifically this study aimed to assess: (1) the efficacy of a EC formulation containing fluensulfone on second-stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne sp, on root-galling and on nematodes per gram of root on tomato and cucumber greenhouse cultivation, (2) the effect of soil-applied fluensulfone on the root and plant growth of three solanaceous and three cucurbitaceous plant species and (3) the effect of a series of different fluensulfone doses on the germination rate of three solanaceous and three cucurbitaceous plant species.
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