The KSC2690A can be used as a substitute but it needs to have a suitable electrical insulator (mica, Kapton) installed between the transistor and the heatsink. This is simply to show that it doesn't take a 100MHz scope to display the types of signals found in car audio amplifiers. Proper Grammar and Spelling: In most instances, 200 ohms and 200k ohms makes a huge difference. Side note:
Someone well suited for this type of work would have immediately Googled 'datasheet' and 'IRFZ44' and would have immediately had the answer. Pin 8:
Note that the timebase is set to 2ms above (good starting point for audio, but not for the R-R carrier waveform) and is set to 5us in the image below. You can send the parts to the manufacturer and they will be able to determine if the components are genuine or counterfeit. They are available used on eBay for about $50. If it's on the forum, copy and past the list. When you make your original post or request for help, list the test equipment that you have. The information on this page is for those who are interested in trying to repair their own amplifiers. For those people, there is a section labeled 'Best Initial Settings'.
If you're repairing an amplifier that has blown output transistors, you should check the driver transistors also. On the forums, do not ask questions about your amp in a repair thread started by someone else with a similar amp.
In some amplifiers, the power supply voltage is regulated.
KEC_2SD1047 If you're asking for help with a repair and you include answers to the following questions in the initial email/post, it will generally greatly speed up the process. Does that mean that there is a problem with the gain control (the amp could begin to oscillate due to an open connection in the pot) or with something that's causing the amp to shut down when the output reaches a certain level.
Without voltage on pin 12, the IC won't power up.
Opening a second tab in your current browser or opening a second instance of the same browser won't tell you if the link is good. Do you best to make the photos you post as good/useful as they can be. - We are going to ship your amp back in exactly the same packing as you shipped it to us in, so make sure to put extra effort in packaging your amplifier. If you need a datasheet, use Google and search for 'datasheet' and enter the part number of the component. Then read the following chapters (some of these are links previously seen in the text above): 23 - Amplifiers Copyright 1995-2022 eBay Inc. All Rights Reserved. In the first two photos, you can see the diffuser I used on this camera.
In general, when a transistor fails, it will either short (common for output AND power supply transistors) or open (common for power supply transistors). 
Datasheets can be used to find the specifications like current capacity and maximum operating voltage.
If you use Mouser or Digi-Key for parts, when you look up a part, a link will be provided for the datasheet on the information page for the part. For most of the transistors using the Japanese numbering system, you add a 2S prefix to the part number. Make sure the IC has B+ voltage on its control and B+ inputs. The input signal is fed into the input of the differential amplifier. If you have a question about a repair, feel free to email me. 81 - Servo Loops It's a general purpose resistor used to drop voltage in the circuit. Then you simply save the image. There seems to be a problem serving the request at this time, {"modules":["unloadOptimization","bandwidthDetection"],"unloadOptimization":{"browsers":{"Firefox":true,"Chrome":true}},"bandwidthDetection":{"url":"https://ir.ebaystatic.com/cr/v/c1/thirtysevens.jpg","maxViews":4,"imgSize":37,"expiry":300000,"timeout":250}}. To offer a bit of protection for the speaker, you should also insert a non-polarized capacitor in series with the speaker. In the second one there is no 'k' in front of the symbol for ohms. Looking at the two images below, you can see how the diodes are orientated in the package. If you don't understand precisely what a scope does and how they function, read the Oscilloscope page of this site (page #73). If you're emailing me (or anyone who can help you), maintain an unbroken chain of emails. 
Save a copy to the computer. If your amp only distorts as the output increases (but well before you think it should), you need to confirm that the DC voltage across the B+ and ground terminals of the amp (multimeter probes placed directly on the metal part of the B+ and ground terminals on the amp) is remaining at or above 12v. Start a new chain/thread and include the make/model of the amp in the subject line of the message. People who want to appear to know more than they do just waste the time of those from which they're asking for help. They are typically smaller and the pads can be damaged easily if you're not careful. Many times, there is a bias adjustment potentiometer. 
If you're from somewhere other than the US and/or English isn't your native language, do your best and I'll try to help. In most amplifiers, the value of the gate resistors is between 27 and 100 ohms. This is a good camera but not really well suited for this type of work unless you have accessory lenses and the required adapter. If you don't use a small fuse a very minor slip of a meter probe could result in hundreds of dollars worth of damage in a tiny fraction of a second. Just because the LED is lit, that doesn't mean the amp is operating. If you can't get good photos with the flash, you can use sunlight to get enough light to allow the camera to set a higher shutter speed.
82 - Op-Amps This is somewhat rare for the power transistors (fully encapsulated rectifiers are relatively common). Please note that the voltage at the amplifier will be significantly less than the supply voltage when the current limiter is inline and the amplifier has a fault that causes excessive current draw. As you can see, a 2MP camera can take relatively good quality photos. For this amp, a 47 ohm 7 watt resistor was used. This is at a much higher frequency than that of the square wave but it can still be seen in the 5110 display. If you've ever seen a damaged amp that pushed or pulled the speaker cone to its limits when the amp powered up (common on some Rockford amplifiers), that was almost certainly due to a shorted output transistor. 
Sometimes, when the output transistors fail, they will cause the drivers to fail. For a single transistor, they can be 10+ pages long.
Power dissipation is determined by the voltage across a device (the transistor) and the current flowing through that device. If you look closely, you can see ripple on the top and bottom of the waveform. It's not necessary to have an expensive camera or accessories to take decent photos. The regulators for this amp can be seen HERE.
Many of the replies require 10 minutes to an hour to find the answer.
Some amplifiers have DC offset protection. I've put a lot of work into this page and want people to benefit from it. Pin 5 should have ~1.5v DC on it. Click on the image to view it in a new window. The placement of the probes on the B, C and E are important.
Noise:
Q21 and Q9 are transistors. It's sometimes difficult to explain what this is and posting photos for every time the question is asked is too time consuming.
IR_IRF1010EZ Many times (most of the time) power supply transistors are visibly damaged but that's not always true. To lower the voltage, voltage regulators are used. THIS form, produce a screen capture image and email it to me. SK_2SC3284 Include the make/model for each piece of equipment.
For ICs (Integrated Circuits -- chips), they can be 20+ pages long.
Again, I used a diffuser. Those with an honest desire to learn the material, not just reading to say that they have done so, will read and re-read the linked pages until they truly understand the material. If you know that the amp is at fault and you want to try to repair it yourself, continue reading here. KEC_TIP35C Note:
If it's here I've seen it so many times that it's gotten annoying and this is an attempt to prevent seeing it again. They control the current flowing through a circuit. A hiss would tend to be a higher frequency noise. If the amp blows the fuse and you can't determine why (you can't find any defective parts and there is no direct short across the B+ and ground terminals), you need to power the amp up via a 2 ohm high-power resistor (25-100 watt resistor) or some other current limiter (some people use an automotive headlamp - an H6054 works relatively well).
If you don't know any local repair shop or you don't know which repair shop is reliable, call all of the local car audio shops in the area and ask them who they'd recommend to have an amp repaired. If you're interested in doing this as a side-line job, the tutorial will be a great help. If you need internal photos of an amp to identify burned or missing components, email me at: babin_perry@yahoo.com. Be Pro-active if you want to Learn to Repair Amplifiers: Do you have both positive and negative rail voltage on the output transistors?
Go to page 10a in the directory of the site. They limit the current going into the amplifier but generally allow enough current so that you can troubleshoot the problem. Reducing Variables When Troubleshooting:
This camera cost only about $20 (plus shipping) on eBay. Ashley Blacks FasciaBlaster Trigger Point Fascia Tools for Recovery, Anti-Cellulite and Skin Soothing (FasciaBlaster), FasciaBlaster Mini 2 by Ashley Black - Cellulite Massager Tool - Deep Tissue and Pressure Point Massage Stick - Support for Discomfort and Body Sculpting, SavageBlaster by Ashley Black Patented Cellulite Massager Pressure Point Massager FasciaBlaster Tool Ashley Black Guru Fascia Tool Body Therapy Tool Cellulite Stick, Quik QT2812 QwikLug Compressor 3 Terminal Repair Kit Lugs/Bag 12 AWG - 2ft Leads with Nut, by.RHO Window Screen Repair Kit, Black XL(15FT), 3-Layer Strong Adhesive & Waterproof Tape Fiberglass Covering mesh, Repair for Window Screen and Screen Door tears Holes, FREE Shipping on orders over $25 shipped by Amazon, Dual Electronics DBTMA100 Black Micro Wireless Bluetooth 2 Channel Stereo Class-D Amplifier | 3.5 mm AUX Input | Stereo RCA Outputs | 100 Watts Peak Power | Up to 100ft of Wireless Bluetooth Range, iFixit Pro Tech Toolkit - Electronics, Smartphone, Computer & Tablet Repair Kit. The following is a list of basic checks: Protection circuits are beyond the scope of this basic troubleshooting guide but I'll provide a basic introduction to them. For testing subwoofer amps, you should use a robust subwoofer and have it where you can see the cone. If you only need to post a section of the image you captured or you want to remove something from the image, you can use a program like Irfanview. If you are not ordering a full stick of parts (50pcs/stick for TO-220 parts), order more than you need so you can be relatively sure you will get enough matched parts. Transistors act like valves. This will provide a greater depth of field (more components in sharp focus). THIS is a plain text file (open with Windows Notepad) that has no formatting and retains the spaces as they should be. The transistor fails because it runs too hot. You should read approximately 11.5v between pin 15 (black probe) and pin 3 (red probe) on the IR2010S ICs. The emitter of Q4901 is directly connected to pin 3 of the IR2010S ICs.
One of the tell-tale signs that a semiconductor has run hot for a long period of time is it's color. In most cases, it's best to use the exact replacement part when repairing an amplifier. When checking transistors, you most commonly look for shorted connections inside the transistor. The FETs that drive the power transformers should be referred to as 'power supply transistors' or 'power supply FETs'. If you continue to break the chain of emails, I'll stop replying. Does changing the position of any of the controls make a difference in the quality of the output? Don't Break an Email Thread/Chain: It just happened to be what I had on hand but worked well.
1996-2022 Parts Express All Rights Reserved725 Pleasant Valley Dr.Springboro, OH 45066 USA, We use cookies to provide the best possible customer experience across this site, through third party ads and analysis of web data. If the person corresponding with you is taking the time to use proper grammar, punctuation, capitalization and paragraph breaks, you should do the same. Determine if the IC is operating but being shut down or if the IC isn't operating properly.
Don't be lazy (unless getting the amp repaired is not really important). Getting a Clean Input Signal:
If you're going to buy a camera, it's generally best to buy one that uses commonly available, inexpensive batteries (AA preferred). Is it distorted at all output levels or only at higher output levels? There are many types of regulators. The power supply produces the various voltages required for the audio section. The best way to enjoy your mobile audio experience is to have plenty of power! All of the PWM control ICs have 5v regulators. An oscilloscope isn't absolutely required for all repairs but it makes it easier to help with repairs that involve distorted output. The spell-checker in your browser will take of spelling errors. If you leave it open and return to this page, the next photo may load in the background window and it may appear as if the link isn't working. Time is fleeting.
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