Because of the above-mentioned pressure issues in fire protection systems, most fire departments have opted to exclusively use 2.5-inch handlines with smooth bore nozzles for all fire scenarios big and small.
It's the most comprehensive and trusted online destination for fire service professionals worldwide. 2 - x 2 -Inch Gated WyeA 2 - x 2 -inch gated wye should be connected to the end of the short section of hose leading from the standpipe to allow two handlines to be connected from one standpipe outlet.
A 2-inch 2-inch gated wye: This should be connected to the end of the short section of hose leading from the standpipe to allow two handlines to be connected from one standpipe outlet. For example, lets say youre using Combat Ready 1-inch hose and the required pressure for that line to flow 185 gpm with the 1516-inch smooth bore is 105 psi. While you may have selected the closest stairwell based on the best information from the Lobby Division, it may not give you direct access to the fires location. Using an alternative stairwell will also require additional communication and coordination between the two hose teams. Also, with stack effect, the smoke can migrate to many floors above the fire floor and then begin to bank down without ever reaching the top floors, in a sense plateauing then banking down to floors below.
If the company officer has trained for and prepared the company for such operations, the expectations and likelihood of success will increase exponentially.
It is, many times, where the water source is located and where the fire attack will be initiated. Founded in 1908, Darley is a leading provider of firefighting equipment, rescue gear, tools and supplies.
This sturdy vinyl All Hands High Rise Pack will hold up to 150ft. Simply retreating and closing the door can provide the protection a crew needs to escape a bad situation or restart the attack after being overtaken by rapidly changing fire conditions.
Again, this could be as easy as peeking onto the fire floor with a TIC or it could require a search. All rights reserved.
If it is determined that conditions are poor on that floor, the attack team leader should simply report this to Lobby Control and proceed to the floor above for fire attack operations. They were killed by the toxic levels of carbon monoxide and foundlater in the operation. Look for a box or option labeled Home Page (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari) or On Startup (Chrome). It must be taken seriously and with the appreciation of its importance. He has been in the fire service since 1981, is author of Layin the Big Lines, and produced the first in a series of videos on large-flow water delivery. The gpm needs to match the Btus, and the diameter of the hose needs to be able to overcome the system low pressure issues. As long as you have communications and coordination, either method is acceptable, and neither is better than the other.
Two to three companies are necessary for transporting and advancing the 2-inch hoseline that is required for most standpipe operations.
The attack team should not commit to flaking out the hose or connecting to a standpipe until ordered to do so by the fire attack team lead officer. As such, to hook up and charge the line before knowing exactly where the fire is could lead to a complete failure of the operation. All rights reserved. If elevators are being utilized to transport a roof team or Rapid Ascent Team (RAT), locate an elevator that does not serve the fire floor. While there may be several officers among the group, only one can be the lead officer; the other officers need to understand and respect this fact and the decisions made thereafter. They say this is a safety factor. 
This may be as simple as peeking outside the stairwell door onto the fire floor with a thermal-imaging camera (TIC) or may require a full-on search for the fire.
I hope this information has been helpful in providing a better understanding of what is involved with water delivery in a high-rise fire protection system. There are four basic components for a high-rise handline operation. Again, fire protection systems are based on a 500-gpm flow capability and after flowing 500 gpm, the standpipe outlet residual pressure will need to be either 65 psi or 100 psi depending on when the system was built. Having everyone understand this can prevent a lot of confusion, wasted physical effort, tangled hoses and excess equipment getting in the way of operations.
This sturdy vinyl All Hands High Rise Pack will hold up to 150ft.
Connect with DelBello via email. Choosing the proper hose and nozzle combination needs to be based on delivering the required flow for fire attack using low system operating pressures. This will affect any occupants on upper floors trying to escape using the stairwell on the clear floors then running into heavy smoke conditions as they descend, making a RAT group necessary and creating difficulty in their operations.
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It moves all the accountability and communications to the division officer and allows the other officers to focus on their tasks on the fire floor. Bag measures 33"L x 12"W x 12H". Do Not Sell My Personal Information, If you need further help setting your homepage, check your browsers Help menu, This is not what I signed up for: Why some firefighters simply dont understand the job, Ga. toddler dies days after FF father pulls him from lake, performs CPR, Why so many firefighters dont become paramedics, 2 operational acronyms firefighters must learn, WHO cancer division reclassifies firefighting as a Group 1 carcinogenic profession, Research into Firefighter Behavior & Beliefs, Individual Access - Free COVID-19 Courses, High-rise and mid-rise firefighting: Lobby control basics, To determine if it is suitable for a resource floor where additional crews and equipment can be staged, To determine the potential floor layout of the fire floor in residential high rises. This keeps everything out of the way for a quick entrance onto the fire floor. The other thing the inline pressure gauge can do is help to dial in the required pressures for the handline. The reason for this is simple.
This can be noted with a label on the side of the gauge body so if an adjustment is needed at the standpipe a firefighter simply adjusts the standpipe outlet valve to the required pressure. Pre 1993, the minimum requirement for water delivery is 500 gpm at 65 psi standpipe outlet residual pressure using two outlets to achieve this flow at the highest point in the system or what NFPA refers to as the hydraulically farthest outlets from the building pump.
Space also needs to be taken into consideration. Either option will require more hose. He currently holds the rank of senior captain with the Houston Fire Department, working in the Midtown District.
Keep in mind that the 65-psi system we tested these lines on is a worst-case scenario regarding NFPA codes and their restrictions. The flow tests were done on the roof to show a worst-case scenario of what the pressures and flows would be.
This, however, is typically the next step for a crew assigned RAT. Part 2 Its critical to train in actual stairwells to understand the mental and physical requirements of these operations, Read Part 1:High-rise and mid-rise firefighting: Lobby control basics. There has been some discussion about the use of a backup line or a second attack line. Note: This is not the case with mechanical and storage floors in office buildings, as individual floor plans can differ. of 1-3/4" double jacket hose.
However, in mid-rise and high-rise firefighting, history has proven over and over that just any crew will not suffice.
The low standpipe outlet pressures mentioned above have been misleading causing firefighters to assume that smaller handlines such as 1.75- and two-inch could not be used because of the higher friction loss these lines possess as compared to the 2.5-inch.
The true fact is that if 500 gpm is not flowing, which more than likely it would not with the initial handline deployment, the standpipe outlet residual pressure will actually be higher.
Not all standpipe outlets are user-friendly with regard to connecting hose and gated wye appliances to them.
My goal is to provide information that will help firefighters make a decision on what size handline to deploy in a high-rise fire.
At this point, the lead officer and their original crew should lead the attack team to the exact location of the fire. However, it is still our responsibility to make sure the stairwell is clear and any occupants in danger are removed or redirected to the appropriate stairwell. The stairwell is many things to firefighters.
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He is also the district training officer, which encompasses all the stations in downtown and midtown. Most crews do not care for this assignment because theres typically not going to be much action, but it does require a lot of physical exertion. Its important to understand that these flows were taken at the roof, which is a worst-case scenario for pressure loss in the system.
8/24/15: Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada, System Specifications: 500 gpm @ 65 psi SORP, 2-in. The RAT should coordinate with the attack team and begin the stairwell search prior to opening the door to the fire floor.
Command should also understand and accept the possibility that there could be a point during suppression efforts where fragmented crews are brought together to form an attack team that ultimately extinguishes the fire. PAUL SHAPIRO is director of Fire Flow Technology. It is also a good practice to stop five floors below the reported fire floor to check elevator operations, then proceed to two floors below the fire floor.
Lets analyze the true pressures that can be expected in a high-rise fire protection system. This article is based on tactics gathered from others as well as myself. Remember: There is more than one way to skin a cat, so if you agree with the information provided but feel a need to tweak it for your departments operations, then by all means make the changes so you will have a system that works best for you.
High-rise fire protection systems are limited in operating pressures because of elevation, friction loss in plumbing, pressure-reducing devices, and probably the most concerning issue, system pressures established by NFPA 14, which is the code that high-rise fire protection systems are designed from.
A well-rehearsed plan is required. This is, of course, communicated to the division officer and command. 2-inch Inline Pressure GaugeThe 2 -inch pressure gauge is connected between the gated wye and the short section of hose leading off the standpipe outlet.The purpose of the inline pressure gauge is twofold.
Once the stairwell is cleared and with communications to the division officer or command, the RAT then can proceed to complete a floor by floor search. I hope the information in this article has been helpful in providing a better understanding of what is involved with water delivery in a high-rise fire protection system.
It is also a place of refuge when things go bad. Actual flow tests were conducted at the 25-story Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas Nevada using 1.88-, two- with 2.5-inch couplings, and 2.5-inch hoselines 150 feet long. This product does not qualify for free shipping and standard LTL freight shipping costs may be assessed. Pre-1993: The minimum requirement for water delivery is 500 gallons per minutes (gpm) at 65 pounds per square inch (psi) standpipe outlet residual pressure using two outlets to achieve this flow at the highest point in the system, or what the NFPA refers to as the hydraulically farthest outlets from the building pump. Open the tools menu in your browser. In residential high-rises, the individual units are essentially stacked one on top of the other so reviewing one should be enough to know the layout of others directly above and below. The initial RAT should start from the floor above the fire and begin working their way up the stairs. The fact is that the 2-inch handline will provide the most water every time. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. We can hook into the standpipe one floor below the initial attack line in the same stairwell or we can find an alternative stairwell and connect into a standpipe one floor below the fire floor there. Yes our main goal is to fight fire. The attack team leader should proceed to the elevators, ensure the elevator operator is comfortable in the operations of the elevator, check the elevator shaft for signs of smoke, fire or water, and then proceed to two floors below the reported fire floor. 
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